{ "schema_version": "uw.editorial_geo.v1", "representation_profile": "lossless_source_sections", "local_stage_only": true, "catalog_id": "DEP-03-N02", "article_index": "DEP-03-N02", "language": "en", "headline": "Shame and concealment", "description": "Shame and concealment", "short_answer": "“If I tell someone, they will stop respecting me.” “The doctor will only see addiction and won't hear anything else.” “I will manage on my own first, then I can explain.” Thoughts like these can make seeking help difficult before the first conversation even begins. This article is for someone concealing substance use or gambling, and for a loved one who did not learn about the problem straight away. It helps distinguish shame, responsibility, and a right to privacy, then consider what relevant information to share, with whom, and under what conditions.\n\nOpenness does not have to mean a public confession or telling the entire family. It can begin with a specific account given to an appropriate professional. But a right to privacy does not make it safe to withhold information needed for treatment or the protection of other people.", "short_answer_source": { "kind": "explicit_about_h2", "role": "lead", "start_utf16": 56, "end_utf16": 896, "sha256_utf8": "e24385a436e8f3e9494841a0ff0f7af33985a00a5c0ca42d0f679f9c424a651c" }, "headline_source": { "role": "h1_heading", "start_utf16": 2, "end_utf16": 23, "sha256_utf8": "13a3d1b1ce02a1fff7d6e07e4ccea5efbab1b5e4405cc7a223b356269256a1ad" }, "entities": [], "questions": [ { "q": "What this article is about", "a": "“If I tell someone, they will stop respecting me.” “The doctor will only see addiction and won't hear anything else.” “I will manage on my own first, then I can explain.” Thoughts like these can make seeking help difficult before the first conversation even begins. This article is for someone concealing substance use or gambling, and for a loved one who did not learn about the problem straight away. It helps distinguish shame, responsibility, and a right to privacy, then consider what relevant information to share, with whom, and under what conditions.\n\nOpenness does not have to mean a public confession or telling the entire family. It can begin with a specific account given to an appropriate professional. But a right to privacy does not make it safe to withhold information needed for treatment or the protection of other people.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 28, "end_utf16": 54, "sha256_utf8": "a53bdb09d3d545eddde325393d7fae0fb8be199cef905ef433da14435f905db9" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 56, "end_utf16": 896, "sha256_utf8": "e24385a436e8f3e9494841a0ff0f7af33985a00a5c0ca42d0f679f9c424a651c" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0003", "p0004" ], "source_segment_index": 1 }, { "q": "Shame about yourself and responsibility for an action", "a": "Two statements offer a useful distinction. “I spent our shared money and want to discuss the consequences” names an action and a task. “I am completely damaged and do not deserve respect” turns an action into a judgment of the whole person. The second statement makes it difficult to see what can happen next: providing accurate spending information, seeking help, stopping a dangerous action, or reconsidering an agreement.\n\nThis is a working distinction, rather than a universal classification of feelings. Regret can also be painful and does not always lead to repair. Feeling ashamed neither makes a person bad nor proves that they have a disorder. What matters is whether your current way of talking about yourself helps you see the actual problem, or closes every possibility with “nothing will ever work for me.”\n\nReducing humiliation does not mean removing responsibility. A person may need treatment while their loved ones need accurate information about debts, a child's safety, or commitments. These issues can be discussed directly without requiring someone to prove their worth through suffering. An apology also cannot replace help and concrete actions when harm continues.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 901, "end_utf16": 954, "sha256_utf8": "df585a737f35029d6f36db04f8aba3d9cf7b9882a08326a0a2581580707195f1" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 956, "end_utf16": 2143, "sha256_utf8": "a017b36dd665850ef26273ebf1245f18a31a474f71f07351f407e6729f6cda56" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0006", "p0007", "p0008" ], "source_segment_index": 2 }, { "q": "When judgment becomes a barrier to help", "a": "Stigma consists of devaluing beliefs, attitudes, and discrimination attached to a characteristic attributed to someone. [NIAAA describes](https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/health-professionals-communities/core-resource-on-alcohol/stigma-overcoming-pervasive-barrier-optimal-care) how stigma surrounding alcohol use disorder can make acknowledging a problem, disclosing information, and seeking treatment harder. A person may expect judgment even from a professional and understate information about their drinking.\n\nThis is not simply sensitivity to particular words. Someone may have specific concerns: who will see the record, what an employer might learn, or whether relatives will start making threats. Some concerns may come from past experience, others from information that has not been checked. It is better to clarify them separately than answer every concern with “there is nothing to fear.” This article neither confirms nor rules out legal consequences of seeking help in your country.\n\nFor drugs, [NIH also identifies stigma among barriers to receiving care](https://health.nih.gov/health-topics-a-z/substance-use-disorder). For gambling, [WHO identifies shame and stigma as barriers to help-seeking](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/gambling). These findings concern different conditions. They do not establish that every form of support works identically, or tell us what is happening to someone simply because they conceal information.\n\nNot every pause in a conversation means denial of a problem. A person may not know how to describe what is happening, fear the consequences, distrust this particular listener, or not yet be ready to speak. Sometimes they are indeed hiding harm to others. One sign cannot establish a single explanation. Both the facts and the circumstances of the conversation need attention.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 2148, "end_utf16": 2187, "sha256_utf8": "4230fbb7919729d5075560dc1e147a20fc94c44eccd48415d81ae89d0105b9dc" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 2189, "end_utf16": 4025, "sha256_utf8": "b42f929c0b5ee5538f07edfad1198a7c34d2a7a3d6502c6efc758975dd4720b9" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0010", "p0011", "p0012", "p0013" ], "source_segment_index": 3 }, { "q": "What happens when relevant information stays hidden", "a": "Consider a hypothetical example. Someone seeks help for poor sleep without telling the doctor about alcohol and the medicines they take. They may think they are protecting themselves from judgment. The clinician, however, receives an incomplete picture. [FDA advises telling healthcare professionals about medicines and other substances, including alcohol](https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-requiring-boxed-warning-updated-improve-safe-use-benzodiazepine-drug-class): this information matters for safe decisions. You do not need to change prescribed treatment on your own before the conversation to appear to be doing things “properly.”\n\nIn another hypothetical situation, someone conceals spending on bets while a loved one makes decisions about shared money, believing it is available. The issue here is not a right to read every personal diary entry, but the effects of inaccurate information on someone else. A conversation about help and a conversation about financial safety may be connected without having to take place simultaneously or with the same participant.\n\nDisclosing information does not by itself treat addiction or restore trust immediately. It can make an assessment more accurate. The next task is to consider suitable help, existing consequences, and what needs to change. If nothing changes after disclosure, that is a reason to reconsider actions and support, rather than conclude that honesty was useless.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 4030, "end_utf16": 4081, "sha256_utf8": "9cb881f36e4957154ea2e2dc9a8dc6e30df3920b4304c56a77d9f1a0ca1ce117" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 4083, "end_utf16": 5538, "sha256_utf8": "0bc8f67e7cd731593b5cc64ce78ca628a034bb169741893a4f92ca51a037b1b3" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0015", "p0016", "p0017" ], "source_segment_index": 4 }, { "q": "Privacy and concealment are not always the same thing", "a": "A person may have good reasons not to discuss their health with coworkers, neighbors, or a large group. Talking with a professional, informing a partner about something affecting their safety, and posting on social media are different actions. One step does not automatically require all the others.\n\nBefore contacting a service, you can ask what information it needs, what will be recorded, who may have access, what exceptions to confidentiality apply, and how it will contact you. Arrangements for adults and minors may differ. Obtain an answer for the particular country and service; “confidential” does not promise absolute secrecy in every circumstance.\n\nWhen threats, controlling behavior, or violence are involved, an immediate conversation with an unsafe loved one should not be treated as the mandatory first step. You can separately prepare to contact an appropriate professional and discuss the risks of disclosure. You do not have to arrange a confrontation to prove your honesty. When there is immediate danger, urgent help and protecting people under local arrangements take priority.\n\nAt the same time, privacy does not remove the need for measures protecting a child or other people. Limiting the circulation of personal information and sharing essential details with an appropriate person are compatible tasks. Sometimes professional support can help establish that boundary, particularly when violence or dependence on another person is involved.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 5543, "end_utf16": 5596, "sha256_utf8": "63bdf12c3c12636063660cf614806b1790c39ba58d86530f89a2762d31567d4b" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 5598, "end_utf16": 7063, "sha256_utf8": "ca9c7b5b20629bd2b01b787dc6a4993ad6d88479f220a0553e315c6ed9532117" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0019", "p0020", "p0021", "p0022" ], "source_segment_index": 5 }, { "q": "How to begin a conversation with a professional", "a": "You do not have to choose a final diagnosis or prove that the problem is serious enough first. Begin with what you can observe: what you use or what gambling you do, how often, what has changed, and which consequences concern you. [NHS recommends giving a doctor an accurate and honest account of drinking and related problems](https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/alcohol-advice/alcohol-support/). This provides initial information for an assessment, rather than guaranteeing a particular conclusion.\n\nOne possible opening is: “This is difficult to discuss because I am afraid of being judged. I reported less than was actually happening. I want to explain more accurately and understand what help I need.” If you do not know some details, say so; an approximate account with its uncertainty acknowledged is better than invented precision.\n\nIf speaking is difficult, you can prepare a brief note and ask whether it can be used during the appointment. You do not have to start with your entire biography. For medical safety, it is important not to leave substances, medicines, and significant symptoms outside the discussion. A professional may ask clarifying questions; if they worry you, you can discuss what the questions are for.\n\nIf an earlier appointment felt humiliating, that experience of a particular encounter should not be dismissed. [NIAAA recommends that clinicians take privacy into account and help identify a more suitable option when care feels stigmatizing](https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/health-professionals-communities/core-resource-on-alcohol/stigma-overcoming-pervasive-barrier-optimal-care). Where another option is available, you can ask about its arrangements. This does not promise that every next service will be suitable, or justify delaying urgent care.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 7068, "end_utf16": 7115, "sha256_utf8": "c4cf68c878ec1d3a820d283013a25bfbe75b935562b4f1bf9d98691afb447117" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 7117, "end_utf16": 8888, "sha256_utf8": "e021c5f2c673121214227ca694ee219305dcd5344f2a5951b3afee8ed6d09636" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0024", "p0025", "p0026", "p0027" ], "source_segment_index": 6 }, { "q": "Talking with someone you trust", "a": "Trust is better considered through actual experience than through family ties alone. Can this person listen without public humiliation? Have they kept personal information private before? What do you want from the conversation: someone to accompany you, help finding a service, calm company, or discussion of a shared risk? These answers help you choose the listener and the scope of what you share.\n\nAn illustrative statement is: “I have started having problems with betting. I am not ready to tell everyone the details. Could you help me find out about a consultation and not pass this conversation on without discussing it with me?” This is a request, rather than a guarantee of another person's behavior. Do not choose this disclosure if its consequences could be dangerous; you can first discuss the situation with an independent professional.\n\nYou can share a relevant part and continue later. But a request for privacy should not make the listener responsible for keeping an immediate threat secret. If the information concerns danger to them or a child, appropriate protective measures are needed. A trusted person also has a right to state what they can help with and what responsibilities they cannot take on.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 8893, "end_utf16": 8923, "sha256_utf8": "6eb6a737dde5813148788816f3e729b643597da263023ff67b5eabe2101b6689" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 8925, "end_utf16": 10144, "sha256_utf8": "ab42a70c0d66542c7c982bd0c7f3bde1c8d79c083fa5bc05566c6a94f98d2d0c" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0029", "p0030", "p0031" ], "source_segment_index": 7 }, { "q": "Loved ones do not have to become accusers or cover for harm", "a": "On discovering concealment, a loved one may feel angry, afraid, or unsure about previous agreements. Those reactions do not have to be erased in order to offer support. Yet “tell everyone, then we will believe you” guarantees neither treatment nor restored trust. Public humiliation does not become therapy because it is called a lesson.\n\nClarifying what is needed now is more useful. For example: “I need accurate information about spending that affects our budget,” or “We need to determine who can safely look after the child.” This differs from demanding access to every message and every medical conversation. Trust, support, and a right to know everything are different things.\n\nA loved one can agree to accompany the person to a consultation, if the person wants this, while refusing to lie to others or cover for a dangerous action. They do not have to assume all responsibility for disclosure and treatment. Support for the loved one themselves may also be needed, particularly when fear, exhaustion, or compromised safety are involved.\n\nRespectful language helps make discussion more precise. [NIAAA recommends referring to a person with a disorder rather than reducing them to a demeaning label](https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/reducing-alcohol-related-stigma). This does not prevent naming harm directly. “You missed the meeting we agreed on and left me without help” preserves a specific meaning, unlike “you are always useless.”", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 10149, "end_utf16": 10208, "sha256_utf8": "c133c499f422dfd47811f4a3cd0e9c60b64919f384556374f85b42cb02e7f709" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 10210, "end_utf16": 11670, "sha256_utf8": "d4bdd7ec9b5828815e25c61892b9700aef2c9a464738d68d1d68ecde22a1a30b" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0033", "p0034", "p0035", "p0036" ], "source_segment_index": 8 }, { "q": "What this means in practice", "a": "Choose one issue that is currently hidden and makes it harder to receive suitable help or protect safety. Then identify the listener and the conditions: what this person needs to know, what you want to ask for, and what risks should be considered before the conversation. This is an editorial framework for preparation, rather than a diagnostic test or a proven treatment to use on your own.\n\nA first note can have three parts: “What is happening”; “What is difficult for me to share, and why”; and “What I want help with.” Add questions about confidentiality if needed. You can begin by clarifying a service's arrangements without publishing your story. But do not delay urgent help to find perfect wording, or withhold medically important safety information from the clinician.\n\nIf a conversation does not work out, consider what happened: the listener was unsuitable, the circumstances were unsafe, the question remained unclear, or another kind of help is needed. Do not conclude that you must confess more publicly. Another consultation or clarification of what you have already said may be the next step. Shame does not have to disappear entirely before help becomes possible; the aim is to find a safe way to share enough truth for the next decision.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 11675, "end_utf16": 11702, "sha256_utf8": "cac0025fb51e434450b9925cf9a4977d85e79dc5ce2542d61d4355abea0cdd54" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 11704, "end_utf16": 12961, "sha256_utf8": "f81240904abf59029821cc6fa51f4435f1857ea2ae0026bf78cf626b3eb7dff1" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0038", "p0039", "p0040" ], "source_segment_index": 9 }, { "q": "Sources and evidence", "a": "- NIAAA. [Stigma: Overcoming a Pervasive Barrier to Optimal Care](https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/health-professionals-communities/core-resource-on-alcohol/stigma-overcoming-pervasive-barrier-optimal-care). Clinical educational review, revised May 8, 2025; barriers to help-seeking, information during appointments, and respectful care. Its specific findings concern alcohol use disorder.\n- NIAAA. [When It Comes to Reducing Alcohol-Related Stigma, Words Matter](https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/reducing-alcohol-related-stigma). Official language recommendations; no update date is stated.\n- NIH. [Substance Use Disorders](https://health.nih.gov/health-topics-a-z/substance-use-disorder). Official educational page identifying stigma as one barrier to care. No update date is stated.\n- WHO. [Gambling](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/gambling). Fact sheet dated December 2, 2024; shame and stigma in seeking help for gambling.\n- FDA. [Benzodiazepine Boxed Warning](https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-requiring-boxed-warning-updated-improve-safe-use-benzodiazepine-drug-class). Communication dated September 23, 2020; the importance of information about medicines and other substances for medical safety. US access rules and phone numbers are not carried over.\n- NHS. [Alcohol support](https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/alcohol-advice/alcohol-support/). Reviewed August 17, 2026; accurately describing drinking and related problems to a clinician. Information about the UK system is not presented as conditions for care in other countries.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 12966, "end_utf16": 12986, "sha256_utf8": "92ca30a8d836c8d4cd76e7ea66719079f6518a469a534f9ddadc8303dcb84c24" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 12988, "end_utf16": 14574, "sha256_utf8": "8ea58f899201a7fc60567f9015175ea44abfdaf8e0e131448b7118195fe0dbf5" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0042" ], "source_segment_index": 10 }, { "q": "Tags", "a": "Shame, concealment, stigma, addiction, responsibility, privacy, seeking help, family support, alcohol, drugs, gambling.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 14579, "end_utf16": 14583, "sha256_utf8": "1331275bc537b4c2bf1e46f7275677967515342e30b572e6852fa6f51b831fe8" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 14585, "end_utf16": 14704, "sha256_utf8": "596582ea8a4197b3f9d666cf0405fe8bd390809b1edc3bb7bc99f34043d3265b" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0044" ], "source_segment_index": 11 }, { "q": "About the authors", "a": "Andrey Zarinsh is the author and founder of United Wisdom. He explores inner transformation, the unity of traditions, intercultural dialogue, and contemporary spiritual discipline. Instagram: @andrey.zarinsh.\n\nMaria Evilkut is a co-author of United Wisdom. Alongside her research, she seeks to test these ideas in practice and observe how the principles of unity and mutual understanding work in real life between people and cultures. Instagram: @ilkutki.\n\nContent reviewed: October 13, 2026. Language version: English.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 14709, "end_utf16": 14726, "sha256_utf8": "e120452a2b9952200310f55df00e52d0bbd068d32bba8a322511ed65e3d4967d" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 14728, "end_utf16": 15247, "sha256_utf8": "49373a67d3e56b47c9c3646bf91812aaafb1c1f3d1a82efe4e3f7a246adf52ab" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0046", "p0047", "p0048" ], "source_segment_index": 12 } ], "claims": [], "claims_policy": "no_reclassified_claims", "sources": [ { "id": "src_91af418b028e1c6e", "title": "Stigma: Overcoming a Pervasive Barrier to Optimal Care", "url": "https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/health-professionals-communities/core-resource-on-alcohol/stigma-overcoming-pervasive-barrier-optimal-care", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 2309, "end_utf16": 2460, "sha256_utf8": "271ccfdeea190e93efd3c77a194fcfc499497a29d83abd7ee70e78d6c8b0411a" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 8455, "end_utf16": 8719, "sha256_utf8": "2b160f27c867da28b06a8ebdac0249444531aef703812d96f42f61fa40030a35" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 12997, "end_utf16": 13187, "sha256_utf8": "f8d9fdccb9d3cc2dbd8bce1311181bd27e6401b0778cf48537bf5616f0dff0f1" } ], "read_scope": "- NIAAA. [Stigma: Overcoming a Pervasive Barrier to Optimal Care](https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/health-professionals-communities/core-resource-on-alcohol/stigma-overcoming-pervasive-barrier-optimal-care). Clinical educational review, revised May 8, 2025; barriers to help-seeking, information during appointments, and respectful care. Its specific findings concern alcohol use disorder.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 12988, "end_utf16": 13370, "sha256_utf8": "6088ffb4fbbec4add464535ed039b0aaeb0c5326dff9f22979ed3e74029277b0" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_f1164043c176f27f", "title": "Substance Use Disorders", "url": "https://health.nih.gov/health-topics-a-z/substance-use-disorder", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 3191, "end_utf16": 3317, "sha256_utf8": "5e5696d9c780a3c3725b563ab926070534db710c3d06237ee9ee8f7bd66f9de7" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 13597, "end_utf16": 13687, "sha256_utf8": "a1e3866acb788b890fa083119cd32cdb9277f70c7a3c00c0071cfa1a09566d1d" } ], "read_scope": "- NIH. [Substance Use Disorders](https://health.nih.gov/health-topics-a-z/substance-use-disorder). Official educational page identifying stigma as one barrier to care. No update date is stated.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 13590, "end_utf16": 13783, "sha256_utf8": "83e7076b6a98a353ed4921323ab1f21fe53507d4c3336d184a4d6e0376e760c2" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_808c7e4e21cb1b60", "title": "Gambling", "url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/gambling", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 3333, "end_utf16": 3453, "sha256_utf8": "ba350ac1516c120591e61143e9b3a579cf4e3f5a7b03edd18a209f0159109bca" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 13791, "end_utf16": 13860, "sha256_utf8": "99746217da14822f9dbaf4f45312a0dbaf16a01e1dcc462bb3d39aedaedc785f" } ], "read_scope": "- WHO. [Gambling](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/gambling). Fact sheet dated December 2, 2024; shame and stigma in seeking help for gambling.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 13784, "end_utf16": 13943, "sha256_utf8": "d7d4a7db6f42aeb2ace4ac5594c225aebbfb1b28964bbf4f6833429771324b81" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_463998ce56ffef4c", "title": "Benzodiazepine Boxed Warning", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-requiring-boxed-warning-updated-improve-safe-use-benzodiazepine-drug-class", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 4337, "end_utf16": 4574, "sha256_utf8": "1476bd8b89e0de8bbd389cd78723b82184445f92b4c83aec8d7fbf1ee9f3ef77" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 13951, "end_utf16": 14116, "sha256_utf8": "7ff7f9c98483f358a546accfbfe9ddde8cb3ec896a30a32ab74ca556e6f653f0" } ], "read_scope": "- FDA. [Benzodiazepine Boxed Warning](https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-requiring-boxed-warning-updated-improve-safe-use-benzodiazepine-drug-class). Communication dated September 23, 2020; the importance of information about medicines and other substances for medical safety. US access rules and phone numbers are not carried over.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 13944, "end_utf16": 14300, "sha256_utf8": "6dfbc67bd10a497c3987a1476dd5ae2e0f2f81d4fa719a377a8771fd7a199ad7" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_97d03b280cd2501c", "title": "Alcohol support", "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/alcohol-advice/alcohol-support/", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 7348, "end_utf16": 7506, "sha256_utf8": "d8e096428fdb293fc7c5c83c2e3c31a3d50d3e1487ef6726a6a7eda7503a424e" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 14308, "end_utf16": 14387, "sha256_utf8": "fea79b880de369c52b5deee50c702ffef027aac6f481ce4d134ec0039266964c" } ], "read_scope": "- NHS. [Alcohol support](https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/alcohol-advice/alcohol-support/). Reviewed August 17, 2026; accurately describing drinking and related problems to a clinician. Information about the UK system is not presented as conditions for care in other countries.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 14301, "end_utf16": 14574, "sha256_utf8": "bfaa325ad216de743e9efd73f2df4e852aed57bc06b4f9a745626ecd56867766" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_8521be671670dea7", "title": "When It Comes to Reducing Alcohol-Related Stigma, Words Matter", "url": "https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/reducing-alcohol-related-stigma", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 11313, "end_utf16": 11499, "sha256_utf8": "03b35f0db0765fabe4984506fb069fceb51c32850aee11487699f2d76f88e312" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 13380, "end_utf16": 13527, "sha256_utf8": "256005dcb812c02f3b7f3eda3a8724fa64a1db1181ed4264ea303536d4172b33" } ], "read_scope": "- NIAAA. [When It Comes to Reducing Alcohol-Related Stigma, Words Matter](https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/reducing-alcohol-related-stigma). 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