{ "schema_version": "uw.editorial_geo.v1", "representation_profile": "lossless_source_sections", "local_stage_only": true, "catalog_id": "DEP-03-N10", "article_index": "DEP-03-N10", "language": "en", "headline": "Self-compassion without excusing harm", "description": "Self-compassion without excusing harm", "short_answer": "**How to preserve dignity while changing behavior that hurts others**\n\nIn a hypothetical situation, someone has again broken an important agreement after substance use or gambling. One inner voice says: “I'm hopeless.” Another replies: “I'm already suffering; nobody has a right to ask anything of me.” Between them, a specific task remains: what happened, who was affected, and what can be done now?\n\nThis article is for adults trying to change harmful behavior, and for loved ones taking part by their own choice. Here, self-compassion means responding to one's difficulties without humiliation while keeping the consequences of one's actions visible. How can you support yourself without diminishing the person you have harmed?", "short_answer_source": { "kind": "opening_after_h1", "role": "lead", "start_utf16": 41, "end_utf16": 771, "sha256_utf8": "14c6ca9acad48fda45cc58dfbf6b87106a2eaffd05859c6e7b2043eb05ab7e88" }, "headline_source": { "role": "h1_heading", "start_utf16": 2, "end_utf16": 39, "sha256_utf8": "b181fba69cfe6f54dfd5b81aa89d5a9b85e055ed0ac95690705124ef4145d515" }, "entities": [], "questions": [ { "q": "Start with dignity, a fact and a next step", "a": "You need not first feel love for yourself or achieve complete inner agreement. Begin with three distinctions: your human worth; a specific action and its consequences; and the help and action available now. “I deserve respect” and “I am responsible for this neglected obligation” can both be true.\n\nThe nearest step is to name one already known episode without condemning your whole self, then choose what needs attention first. For example, ensure safe care for a child, clarify a broken agreement, or prepare to request help. This is not an instruction to stop a substance immediately, change medication independently or test your willpower.\n\nIf there is immediate danger, appropriate local help and safety come first. Notes, apologies and working with feelings can wait. When there is no immediate danger, you can distinguish self-support, responsibility and manageable action more calmly.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 776, "end_utf16": 818, "sha256_utf8": "5562cfbcd75ca6939215e192cbb01e06698a3acb6ec61d1c6fa66bcd679a632b" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 820, "end_utf16": 1712, "sha256_utf8": "c149429059f375229130e213269fb7326d0c5342a81cc3d0675d7ac434a32d69" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0006", "p0007", "p0008" ], "source_segment_index": 1 }, { "q": "Supporting a person and evaluating an action", "a": "“I caused harm” names something that needs addressing. “I am entirely bad and don't deserve help” turns an action into a judgment on an entire life. Rejecting that judgment does not erase the harm. It leaves room to name what happened, accept help and make decisions beyond punishing yourself.\n\nThe opposite extreme makes personal pain a sufficient excuse for any behavior: “Because I'm struggling, I needn't consider anyone else.” Your difficulties deserve attention; affected people also have needs and boundaries. Neither substance use, a disorder nor an unpleasant feeling makes the harm insignificant.\n\nInstead of demanding the right emotion, use a matter-of-fact formulation: “I'm having a difficult time. This episode was harmful. I can discuss help and this particular action.” You can say it while still doubtful, angry or ashamed. It is a possible language for conversation, not a measure of remorse or proof of recovery.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 1717, "end_utf16": 1761, "sha256_utf8": "d38926b453837565165ca4200fbe46287cfaa5c482f9f7080618874492aef838" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 1763, "end_utf16": 2694, "sha256_utf8": "080063d1f72134eb6e473379196eee310aa0373be741582e8f9b041df99b39e4" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0010", "p0011", "p0012" ], "source_segment_index": 2 }, { "q": "What the research allows us to say", "a": "Across four experiments, Breines and Chen studied self-compassion following a personal weakness, a moral transgression or failure at a task. In the transgression experiment, participants in the self-compassion condition reported greater motivation to make amends and avoid repeating it than those in the control conditions. [Breines and Chen, 2012](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22645164/). This concerns motivation, rather than demonstrated later compensation for every person harmed.\n\nThe study offers a limited example of compatibility between a kind response to oneself and an intention to improve. The abstract we read cannot establish that self-compassion treats addiction, prevents a return to substance use or replaces professional help. This is not a trial of an addiction-treatment program; we have not examined the full paper or long-term clinical outcomes here.\n\nIn the alcohol context, [NIAAA describes stigma and fear of judgment as possible barriers to seeking care](https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/health-professionals-communities/core-resource-on-alcohol/stigma-overcoming-pervasive-barrier-optimal-care). There is therefore no basis for making humiliation a compulsory price of help. It does not follow that every unpleasant feeling is harmful, or that an absence of shame automatically means health. Emotion, diagnosis and behavior change are different questions.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 2699, "end_utf16": 2733, "sha256_utf8": "e6739e61d051dd3dd7b517df94eb3125b56d6450c9d3df89e5f3fcda033a9684" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 2735, "end_utf16": 4113, "sha256_utf8": "d63605dc4f957060d74a1243df5ef992668b386a35960ead72c7013936aece8d" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0014", "p0015", "p0016" ], "source_segment_index": 3 }, { "q": "Acknowledging harm without demanding forgiveness", "a": "In our hypothetical example, someone failed to fulfill an agreed responsibility and left a loved one to handle it alone. A meaningful acknowledgment might be: “I didn't do what we agreed. That increased your burden. I want to discuss what can be put right and how to make the next plan more reliable.” This names an action and its consequences without demanding immediate reconciliation.\n\nAn apology, making amends, rebuilding trust and stopping harmful behavior are not the same. An apology does not return lost time or guarantee trust. Amends can be discussed concretely, but should not become a purchase of forgiveness. The person harmed does not have to accept an apology, resume contact or reassure the person who hurt them.\n\nIf direct contact is unwanted or unsafe, do not pursue it in the name of your own recovery. Discuss available options with a professional or suitable service while respecting the other person's boundaries. This is ethical and practical guidance; the article does not determine legal liability, compensation obligations or procedures for resolving a particular conflict.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 4118, "end_utf16": 4166, "sha256_utf8": "96bb7c555a5f41c0a62ff0e168ea3d973ed2ea8ef558605eaa6a516aeaf7e7a4" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 4168, "end_utf16": 5268, "sha256_utf8": "99489c0328a3e4aa524fcbd02822e0bec45121da4caf4c0464e59fc7468b2660" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0018", "p0019", "p0020" ], "source_segment_index": 4 }, { "q": "Choosing an action you can carry out", "a": "“I will never hurt anyone again” may sound solemn, but it does not explain how the nearest responsibility will be managed. Clarify the known problem, an action within your control and the support you need. For example, acknowledge that the previous childcare arrangement is unreliable, then find a safe option with willing adults. The child does not become a monitor or the person responsible for an adult's behavior.\n\nSupport also requires consent. You might ask: “Help me find a consultation, if you have the capacity.” Do not make a loved one your only source of calm, demand their time or say: “If you don't support me, you are responsible for my substance use.” [SAMHSA recommends considering a person's willingness and capacity to help, alongside support for them](https://www.samhsa.gov/find-support/helping-someone/caring-for-yourself).\n\nAt the same time, benefits from use, pleasure or continued work may be part of an honest account of experience. They need not be denied before discussing specific harm. They do not by themselves establish safety or exclude problems. Disagreeing with the family's explanation does not automatically mean a lack of insight either: you can seek assessment and help without accepting their entire account.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 5273, "end_utf16": 5309, "sha256_utf8": "dde6ff738a1b9e6d25b9541a8aefed5683d156b4e9e66b41e927169a8987bb50" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 5311, "end_utf16": 6558, "sha256_utf8": "6113299ddbede937767b3b37799902d6dde24f81515992e81adc35f41727ac50" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0022", "p0023", "p0024" ], "source_segment_index": 5 }, { "q": "Help is not a reward for the right attitude toward yourself", "a": "You can take a simple note to a professional: “Here are the known events and consequences. Here is what helps me and what worries me. I don't yet know how to explain it, but I want to discuss help.” [SAMHSA recommends listening without judgment and clarifying understanding in conversations about care](https://www.samhsa.gov/find-support/helping-someone/how-to-talk-to-someone-about-help). This does not promise a particular reaction from family or a professional; ask the specific service about its conditions.\n\nYou need not become calm, sincerely forgive yourself or produce an ideal life history first. You can discuss substance use, gambling, mood, sleep, responsibilities and available care. When a mental health condition and a substance-use problem coexist, [NIMH emphasizes considering and addressing both](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/substance-use-and-mental-health). This does not diagnose you or prescribe one pathway for everyone.\n\nBeneficial long-term antidepressant treatment or symptoms on stopping do not by themselves mean addiction. [The Royal College of Psychiatrists distinguishes physical dependence from addiction in this context](https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/treatments-and-wellbeing/stopping-antidepressants). Do not independently change or stop prescribed treatment to prove purity, independence or moral strength. Discuss benefits, side effects and stopping with the prescribing professional.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 6563, "end_utf16": 6622, "sha256_utf8": "e0aff6f7e5f4ee3f84bdabec966aeaad025b5c211292e76ae33f2fc302bf520c" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 6624, "end_utf16": 8065, "sha256_utf8": "0bb4327352b157f82e5a6eeffb0337dacecb982bdeccf74bba6090260e3236e8" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0026", "p0027", "p0028" ], "source_segment_index": 6 }, { "q": "When a different level of help is needed", "a": "If reflection turns into a demand to relive traumatic events, force an admission from someone else or punish yourself, you need not continue this practice. You do not have to search for hidden memories, recreate a distressing scene in detail or prove sincerity through suffering. You can put the note aside and seek support for your present difficulties.\n\nIn violence or immediate danger, a safe place and appropriate local emergency help come first; reconciliation and discussion of motives are not prerequisites. Immediate danger of suicide or self-harm also calls for local emergency help now. [NIMH addresses crisis assistance separately](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression). No self-harm methods, phone numbers or self-measurement of risk are provided here.\n\n[NHS warns about the danger of abruptly stopping alcohol in physical dependence](https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/alcohol-advice/alcohol-support/). Seizures, hallucinations or severe shaking during withdrawal require immediate local emergency medical help. Withdrawal must not become punishment, a vow or a test of dignity. This article provides no doses, home regimens or experiments with use.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 8070, "end_utf16": 8110, "sha256_utf8": "9813c09e32313fc3580d283fc9c7f078b2a143e07ca5a057137ccd2f133277fd" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 8112, "end_utf16": 9287, "sha256_utf8": "40ea4d838255803e35951016284466ac62e0730fbf98ae215447043661748542" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0030", "p0031", "p0032" ], "source_segment_index": 7 }, { "q": "Practice: support yourself and name responsibility", "a": "If it is safe now, you can complete five short fields. Write only what is already known and what you are willing to share. This is original preparation for a decision or consultation, not a clinical scale or compulsory condition for receiving care.\n\n1. **An event without a judgment on your whole self.** What exactly happened? What is directly known and what is still inferred? Do not add: “This means I will always be like this.”\n2. **A consequence and another person.** Who faced difficulties, and what specifically were they? Which boundaries matter? Do not demand an answer, contact or forgiveness to complete the note.\n3. **My difficulty and the help needed.** What am I experiencing now, and what do I not know? What support or professional assessment might be useful? There is no need to feel the right way first.\n4. **One step within my control.** What can I do manageably and safely? It might mean preparing a request for help, clarifying an obligation or discussing possible amends. It is not a test involving substances, bets, memories or independent withdrawal.\n5. **How I will know what happened next.** What known result can be checked: a request prepared, a question asked, an agreement clarified? What still needs help? Another person's gratitude is not a compulsory measure.\n\nIf a field cannot yet be completed, write “I don't know” or “I need help with this.” Uncertainty need not be compensated for with a grand promise. Urgent safety takes priority over the entire note.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 9292, "end_utf16": 9342, "sha256_utf8": "40f6ff1bb1a3129ff592313541ed389f5703e8095cd07a533297e5f96d410c81" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 9344, "end_utf16": 10835, "sha256_utf8": "93adb98dae6b270444533f533d42f84c2992c2f43399cf96e82d42c19897b266" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0034", "p0035", "p0036" ], "source_segment_index": 8 }, { "q": "Revising the plan through events, rather than stronger self-condemnation", "a": "After the chosen step, clarify what actually happened and which obstacles remain. Did the consultation take place? Did the responsibility become manageable? Is the specific harm continuing? If a plan does not fit or difficulties recur, reconsider the action and level of support. This is neither proof of hopelessness nor a reason to dismiss the harm.\n\nRespect for yourself does not require immediate relief. Continuing shame does not cancel an action carried out; a pleasant feeling does not replace it. Responsibility is expressed through available decisions that consider other people and your own needs. Self-support can keep that space open, but does not guarantee treatment outcomes or restored relationships.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 10840, "end_utf16": 10912, "sha256_utf8": "793de0f207bad6e285ad626e1c7d7e8cb192cdbe615071d800b841b60e72e0b9" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 10914, "end_utf16": 11629, "sha256_utf8": "00c834ebe8c71a1e660889ad6991f073acbde1b4258282dfbbd3385c5f198094" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0038", "p0039" ], "source_segment_index": 9 }, { "q": "Sources and limits", "a": "- [Breines J. G., Chen S. — Self-compassion increases self-improvement motivation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22645164/). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2012; online 29 May 2012, September 38(9):1133–1143. The complete official abstract and metadata were personally read; direct access returned 429. Four experiments on motivation, not addiction treatment or guaranteed behavior change; the full paper was not read.\n- [NIAAA — Stigma: Overcoming a Pervasive Barrier to Optimal Care](https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/health-professionals-communities/core-resource-on-alcohol/stigma-overcoming-pervasive-barrier-optimal-care). Revised 8 May 2025. Our own reading of the main text on stigma and care in an alcohol context was reused; all underlying studies were not separately read.\n- [SAMHSA — Taking Care of Yourself](https://www.samhsa.gov/find-support/helping-someone/caring-for-yourself). Last Updated 24 April 2023. Our own verified reading of the complete displayed official expanded text on a loved one's capacity and support was reused; not full HTML.\n- [SAMHSA — How to Talk to Someone About Help](https://www.samhsa.gov/find-support/helping-someone/how-to-talk-to-someone-about-help). Last Updated 24 April 2023. Our own reading of the complete displayed official expanded text was reused; supportive conversation does not guarantee agreement.\n- [NIMH — Substance Use and Co-Occurring Mental Disorders](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/substance-use-and-mental-health). March 2025. Our own reading on joint assessment and help was reused; not a universal individual regimen.\n- [Royal College of Psychiatrists — Stopping antidepressants](https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/treatments-and-wellbeing/stopping-antidepressants). March 2024. Our own reading on physical dependence, addiction and consulting the prescriber was reused; no independent stopping.\n- [NIMH — Depression](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression). Revised 2024. Our own reading on crisis help was reused; no foreign contacts, methods or risk test.\n- [NHS — Alcohol support](https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/alcohol-advice/alcohol-support/). Page reviewed 17 August 2026. Our own reading on dangerous withdrawal and severe manifestations was reused; no home regimens or UK numbers.\n\nThe situation, suggested wording and five fields were created by the authors. They are not owners' or readers' real histories, copied experimental instructions or a validated instrument. Self-compassion is used as a practical language of respect and action, rather than grounds for remote diagnosis, excusing violence or demanding forgiveness.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 11634, "end_utf16": 11652, "sha256_utf8": "f91f16500d95114ea5dd62762b302ab95f247ca4f49fe0affb04993b09f0a299" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 11654, "end_utf16": 14290, "sha256_utf8": "8cad06437354c494b7947b4168a3c927ed25203fbbf5b66cd6ed88d5bae238b4" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0041", "p0042" ], "source_segment_index": 10 }, { "q": "Tags", "a": "Self-compassion, dignity, responsibility, harm caused, self-excusing, shame, substance use, gambling, help, family boundaries, medicines, safety.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 14295, "end_utf16": 14299, "sha256_utf8": "1331275bc537b4c2bf1e46f7275677967515342e30b572e6852fa6f51b831fe8" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 14301, "end_utf16": 14446, "sha256_utf8": "21183316bff579334d2557eef312a0a47e31f6efe27fb602ebe41e2eacd13807" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0044" ], "source_segment_index": 11 }, { "q": "About the authors", "a": "Andrey Zarinsh is the author and founder of United Wisdom. He explores inner transformation, the unity of traditions, intercultural dialogue and contemporary spiritual discipline. Instagram: @andrey.zarinsh.\n\nMaria Evilkut is a coauthor of United Wisdom. Alongside her research, she seeks to test these ideas in practice and observe how unity and mutual understanding work in real life between people and cultures. Instagram: @ilkutki.\n\nContent review date: 14 October 2026. Language version: English.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 14451, "end_utf16": 14468, "sha256_utf8": "e120452a2b9952200310f55df00e52d0bbd068d32bba8a322511ed65e3d4967d" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 14470, "end_utf16": 14971, "sha256_utf8": "96dec07976efe18a0ede54ee8a312a397e53794cf206b699b4c26e731c91ec27" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0046", "p0047", "p0048" ], "source_segment_index": 12 } ], "claims": [], "claims_policy": "no_reclassified_claims", "sources": [ { "id": "src_aaceb4e90bb8b58c", "title": "Breines J. G., Chen S. — Self-compassion increases self-improvement motivation", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22645164/", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 3059, "end_utf16": 3126, "sha256_utf8": "05934d6195353f552b4753835c65cb9959929320c7c94681296e562b7f348345" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 11656, "end_utf16": 11779, "sha256_utf8": "081c6e3b438d993ac2df6697a44e8a36cf0f1ffebee7053c8afad49bdd476c89" } ], "read_scope": "- [Breines J. G., Chen S. — Self-compassion increases self-improvement motivation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22645164/). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2012; online 29 May 2012, September 38(9):1133–1143. The complete official abstract and metadata were personally read; direct access returned 429. Four experiments on motivation, not addiction treatment or guaranteed behavior change; the full paper was not read.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 11654, "end_utf16": 12087, "sha256_utf8": "f5614182e321b60c7d2c0f563feb2b1ed7ac2ef32d744c9c03a84100ea168480" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_91af418b028e1c6e", "title": "NIAAA — Stigma: Overcoming a Pervasive Barrier to Optimal Care", "url": "https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/health-professionals-communities/core-resource-on-alcohol/stigma-overcoming-pervasive-barrier-optimal-care", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 3636, "end_utf16": 3852, "sha256_utf8": "09945a48e817d77cc7b80da677216103320ea6f7a532b01ff3974c8360232332" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 12090, "end_utf16": 12288, "sha256_utf8": "7f3179360c9444b9710b94e256f2a6f28f2b03226ba10b244f4f73052d333dda" } ], "read_scope": "- [NIAAA — Stigma: Overcoming a Pervasive Barrier to Optimal Care](https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/health-professionals-communities/core-resource-on-alcohol/stigma-overcoming-pervasive-barrier-optimal-care). Revised 8 May 2025. Our own reading of the main text on stigma and care in an alcohol context was reused; all underlying studies were not separately read.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 12088, "end_utf16": 12444, "sha256_utf8": "f89ec890441ab86b4300953196c15596f18700ceb109bca6be50a91533af5657" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_c7cfed956c8066f2", "title": "SAMHSA — Taking Care of Yourself", "url": "https://www.samhsa.gov/find-support/helping-someone/caring-for-yourself", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 5978, "end_utf16": 6154, "sha256_utf8": "e86e3478cb8418a71b2287e3429575a34d6314a42b7e80542b04d0dec136e651" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 12447, "end_utf16": 12554, "sha256_utf8": "f3c9c1db09a0c69b0930ac8e677c85dff1b7052fce19868bdbede110835cd0d6" } ], "read_scope": "- [SAMHSA — Taking Care of Yourself](https://www.samhsa.gov/find-support/helping-someone/caring-for-yourself). Last Updated 24 April 2023. 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Last Updated 24 April 2023. Our own reading of the complete displayed official expanded text was reused; supportive conversation does not guarantee agreement.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 12723, "end_utf16": 13016, "sha256_utf8": "4fc84111f4be3cbb3fc86dd851a9e480acfc0e810f669635766087e38c5a4d3b" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_ccd9c1d7863aff81", "title": "NIMH — Substance Use and Co-Occurring Mental Disorders", "url": "https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/substance-use-and-mental-health", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 7390, "end_utf16": 7511, "sha256_utf8": "3321458064d1ed22525ae9fdd83f2ac213185741ef69a94fdac1750d358a7e6e" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 13019, "end_utf16": 13147, "sha256_utf8": "74949c83b0d42b0bc6206c890f5968cbf223bbd46132a6420819a56b6378dad7" } ], "read_scope": "- [NIMH — Substance Use and Co-Occurring Mental Disorders](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/substance-use-and-mental-health). March 2025. Our own reading on joint assessment and help was reused; not a universal individual regimen.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 13017, "end_utf16": 13253, "sha256_utf8": "39724d27f4de6540032cfc5fc48475ca3f7a2f9a61af03e22976fa6df0229c82" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_f59fdc01945ccc3e", "title": "Royal College of Psychiatrists — Stopping antidepressants", "url": "https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/treatments-and-wellbeing/stopping-antidepressants", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 7687, "end_utf16": 7879, "sha256_utf8": "d02de3c5c43132ceed2899ebf0260816ce5da38db4958044ef24e172f1d8cf65" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 13256, "end_utf16": 13406, "sha256_utf8": "ca6aebf7a9d9c0f5a010732e924c032f69e6cf87b609502e234f57f3bdd0b9bf" } ], "read_scope": "- [Royal College of Psychiatrists — Stopping antidepressants](https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mental-health/treatments-and-wellbeing/stopping-antidepressants). March 2024. Our own reading on physical dependence, addiction and consulting the prescriber was reused; no independent stopping.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 13254, "end_utf16": 13536, "sha256_utf8": "a19c890143b84e037e52e5faaff014e3076ab7c6c55f38ac541cca6f5441785d" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_a16ec569ffdc8d21", "title": "NIMH — Depression", "url": "https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 8709, "end_utf16": 8811, "sha256_utf8": "892e61cbcde45eba1c47cd97d92ab22ae426f6eb2f1251f26ec6b1962f965435" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 13539, "end_utf16": 13615, "sha256_utf8": "c84a3e26c0acfcb7b293568f38118c9ca87f2265b3af7195ada2240b84c2d989" } ], "read_scope": "- [NIMH — Depression](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression). Revised 2024. Our own reading on crisis help was reused; no foreign contacts, methods or risk test.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 13537, "end_utf16": 13716, "sha256_utf8": "522c3c2519260bd22b9006db79370411ad0c7380629a6721f5c813f9a17a3eb3" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_97d03b280cd2501c", "title": "NHS — Alcohol support", "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/alcohol-advice/alcohol-support/", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 8897, "end_utf16": 9039, "sha256_utf8": "6e3f1c0c5f8d2cd2ab4af303eb73f9718c1dd49d57756408cecad703ddbaab71" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 13719, "end_utf16": 13804, "sha256_utf8": "b365b90ba66c9741c692e4f24e502ee99524cc5635f3eaa3fbc7cae6f136baa7" } ], "read_scope": "- [NHS — Alcohol support](https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/alcohol-advice/alcohol-support/). Page reviewed 17 August 2026. 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