{ "schema_version": "uw.editorial_geo.v1", "representation_profile": "lossless_source_sections", "local_stage_only": true, "catalog_id": "DEP-20-N10", "article_index": "DEP-20-N10", "language": "en", "headline": "Confucianism: measure, relationships, and the limits of moral advice", "description": "Confucianism: measure, relationships, and the limits of moral advice", "short_answer": "A family notices that an adult is drinking more often. One relative speaks of lost moderation, another of duty toward parents; a third fears that talk of shame will make asking for help harder. Confucian texts offer a serious language for habits, respect, and responsibilities in relationships. They do not tell us how to diagnose a substance use disorder, select medical treatment, or determine anyone’s present-day rights in a particular country.\n\nWe look at **distinct passages** of the *Analects* and at the *Great Learning* as a chapter of the *Book of Rites*. The passages do different things: describe table conduct, discuss ritual and humaneness, speak of government, address parents, and trace a path of self-cultivation. Together they do not issue a single command that everyone must drink moderately, or that everyone must stop instantly. Contemporary medical sources answer separate questions about withdrawal and urgent danger.\n\n**If poisoning by a substance or medicine is suspected, contact the local emergency medical service immediately, even before symptoms appear. New sudden confusion by itself also calls for immediate contact; do not wait for greater severity or another sign.** The [NHS poisoning page](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/poisoning/) explains that symptoms may be delayed, and its [sudden-confusion page](https://www.nhs.uk/symptoms/confusion/) calls for immediate assessment. A rite, family meeting, or argument over blame must not hold up that contact.", "short_answer_source": { "kind": "explicit_about_h2", "role": "lead", "start_utf16": 527, "end_utf16": 2015, "sha256_utf8": "9c18f69d28b744aa1b3e6cca0dba7e5d4cd291dc2809bb48ee9fd8fa9be4d21f" }, "headline_source": { "role": "h1_heading", "start_utf16": 2, "end_utf16": 70, "sha256_utf8": "c2b693a8f2e82bca9003599bd69d1b8becc12aa426c2ba9311edef97279d843e" }, "entities": [], "questions": [ { "q": "What this article is about", "a": "A family notices that an adult is drinking more often. One relative speaks of lost moderation, another of duty toward parents; a third fears that talk of shame will make asking for help harder. Confucian texts offer a serious language for habits, respect, and responsibilities in relationships. They do not tell us how to diagnose a substance use disorder, select medical treatment, or determine anyone’s present-day rights in a particular country.\n\nWe look at **distinct passages** of the *Analects* and at the *Great Learning* as a chapter of the *Book of Rites*. The passages do different things: describe table conduct, discuss ritual and humaneness, speak of government, address parents, and trace a path of self-cultivation. Together they do not issue a single command that everyone must drink moderately, or that everyone must stop instantly. Contemporary medical sources answer separate questions about withdrawal and urgent danger.\n\n**If poisoning by a substance or medicine is suspected, contact the local emergency medical service immediately, even before symptoms appear. New sudden confusion by itself also calls for immediate contact; do not wait for greater severity or another sign.** The [NHS poisoning page](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/poisoning/) explains that symptoms may be delayed, and its [sudden-confusion page](https://www.nhs.uk/symptoms/confusion/) calls for immediate assessment. A rite, family meeting, or argument over blame must not hold up that contact.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 499, "end_utf16": 525, "sha256_utf8": "a53bdb09d3d545eddde325393d7fae0fb8be199cef905ef433da14435f905db9" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 527, "end_utf16": 2015, "sha256_utf8": "9c18f69d28b744aa1b3e6cca0dba7e5d4cd291dc2809bb48ee9fd8fa9be4d21f" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0005", "p0006", "p0007" ], "source_segment_index": 1 }, { "q": "I. An ancient saying and a present-day problem are different kinds of text", "a": "The *Analects* conveys conversations and scenes traditionally attributed to Confucius. The Chinese transcription available to us is not a document in the philosopher’s own hand, nor a modern study of alcohol use. Sometimes a learner asks a question; sometimes the account presents an example of conduct. Its language about family and ritual belongs to an ancient hierarchical setting. Bringing it to a contemporary account of substance use is an **interpretive choice**, not the discovery of a ready-made clinical or legal rule.\n\nThat distinction protects both the text and the person. Reducing *li*, a patterned and fitting way of relating and acting, to “just control yourself” flattens the tradition. Treating a meal scene as clinical guidance mistakes an ethical example for risk assessment. A person may reasonably ask what kind of relationship they hope to sustain while also recognizing that illness, pain, dependence, fear, and lack of services require other kinds of knowledge. What matters is not the elegance of a judgement on character but whether help becomes safer and more reachable.\n\n“Confucianism” can also mean different things to different readers: classical study, a local custom, family upbringing, school ethics, or a personal philosophy. No quotation chosen here speaks for all of them. Agreement with its values is no prerequisite for medical care, and disagreement does not diminish a person’s claim to seek help.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 2020, "end_utf16": 2094, "sha256_utf8": "a28803a1cdc3783c37c650b0fc4c5afc9921a05aef0fa619c390ebb1af229328" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 2096, "end_utf16": 3534, "sha256_utf8": "8c52d2fda6732d2490430ccf26702522662099652ccf7769b7c9db9eace43687" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0009", "p0010", "p0011" ], "source_segment_index": 2 }, { "q": "II. Self-cultivation and ritual are not a willpower test", "a": "The exchange about humaneness in [*Analects* 12.1](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E9%A1%8F%E6%B7%B5%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C) connects work on oneself with a return to ritual, extending attention to seeing, hearing, speaking, and acting. A present-day reader may take from it a concern for the form of everyday relationships. Someone wishing to reduce harm from their substance use may freely reflect on promises they cannot keep, sharp words, or how to ask for help. The ethical worth of such reflection does not establish that it treats a disorder.\n\nRitual here is no magic answer to craving. A shared meal, attention to an elder, or a rule to speak calmly may provide belonging and predictability. The same forms become pressure if joining a gathering requires a public disclosure of diagnosis, stopping prescribed treatment, or obedience to someone who threatens the person. Chosen care and a test of submission must be distinguished. A professional assessment remains available when a person does not want to take part in a family rite.\n\nSelf-cultivation concerns what I can do: describe my actions honestly, ask when an appointment is possible, or request company with the other person’s consent. It grants no relative control over another adult’s decisions, and it does not make a mistake proof of a “weak mind.” When health is at issue, a clinician considers the use history and safety; a single event is not a moral scorecard.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 3539, "end_utf16": 3595, "sha256_utf8": "989c7f2fe1d897598d136608791059a8c4f17c781ab5ebf49323bf541ee66f9b" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 3597, "end_utf16": 5057, "sha256_utf8": "a61e5ea1d322f90aa9b5124ac140ab12f539b853d5fdd13b80cdc67f6c0534cf" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0013", "p0014", "p0015" ], "source_segment_index": 3 }, { "q": "III. Wine and measure: what 10.8 actually describes", "a": "In the meal scene of [*Analects* 10.8](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E9%84%89%E9%BB%A8%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81), the brief phrase *唯酒無量，不及亂* says, in our cautious rendering, that no quantity is specified for wine, yet conduct does not reach disorder. The point in this scene is a limit in behavior, not a numerical allowance of alcohol. Wine is present in the world the text describes. It does not follow that anyone today can safely drink as long as they feel composed.\n\n“Measure” is an attractive but easily misused word. It can invite ethical attention to consequences; it **cannot calculate a safe dose** for a person with impaired control or withdrawal risk. An observer’s “they did not look drunk” does not rule out harm. Conversely, one episode does not warrant a diagnosis from an ancient line. A desired goal—reducing use, stopping, or treating another condition—is better discussed with a professional able to consider history, health, and the person’s preferences.\n\nTwo tempting shortcuts fail. The text’s lack of an absolute prohibition does not show that changing alcohol use at home is safe; its concern for conduct does not mean “stop abruptly on your own.” Neither conclusion appears in 10.8. The current [NHS alcohol-use disorder page](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-use-disorder/) warns that abruptly stopping when physically dependent on alcohol can be dangerous. Clinical caution addresses a different question without canceling the ethical discussion.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 5062, "end_utf16": 5113, "sha256_utf8": "c97918622e0eb23b0388bd14e5255029a6991d2067753612b291d4d06fb0f31b" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 5115, "end_utf16": 6612, "sha256_utf8": "5b654fd18632bff2f8d859bed34065248b032733929b45f2cd7f5c4d7eabdc76" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0017", "p0018", "p0019" ], "source_segment_index": 4 }, { "q": "IV. An old political term for shame is not a treatment method", "a": "[*Analects* 2.3](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E7%82%BA%E6%94%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C) contrasts government through punishments with guidance through virtue and ritual. It contains a character often read in terms of shame; a note in the inspected transcription even records a possible different reading. This is a historical statement about public order, not an instruction to generate shame in a patient. It cannot support a promise that humiliation will end harmful use.\n\nResponsibility is more concrete than stigma. An adult might say, “I missed the agreed time to collect the child; we need a dependable plan for their safety.” That names an action and a needed repair. “You disgraced the family, so prove repentance before we help” adds a gate to care while the child’s need and the adult’s health question already exist. Harm can be addressed without publicizing private details, threatening exile, or treating a reluctance to confess as proof of illness or bad faith.\n\nSomeone under coercion may be quiet for reasons of safety. An observer cannot infer an inner motive or a person’s privacy needs from appearance. For one person, family discretion may be an important value; for another, a demand for discretion may conceal control. A useful conversation asks what the person wants, who might see their message, and whether a separate safe route to help exists.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 6617, "end_utf16": 6678, "sha256_utf8": "9f7c49db5fb2ec93e4bdbcf1e54e429b4b5dff5a3ddd0b3e997138f037efb8ca" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 6680, "end_utf16": 8069, "sha256_utf8": "0d3f8fbca43d4f2a434915ba102125582cb06b885bfb5998342760bbefc2fa5b" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0021", "p0022", "p0023" ], "source_segment_index": 5 }, { "q": "V. Respecting parents does not require enduring threats", "a": "[*Analects* 4.18](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E9%87%8C%E4%BB%81%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B) addresses parents and includes gentle remonstrance. In [2.7–8 of the same collection](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E7%82%BA%E6%94%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C), providing material care is set apart from respect. Together, these passages may lead an adult reader to ask whether they can maintain a humane relationship and still name harm. That is **our present-day question**, not a claim that an ancient passage solved a modern family conflict.\n\nThe rest of 4.18 carries ancient assumptions about hierarchy and persistent deference. It cannot assign a child the task of confronting a drinking or aggressive parent, enduring threats, keeping a dangerous secret, or securing an adult’s recovery. Nor does it give a parent the right to block a child’s access to help for the family’s reputation. Actual duties of care, custody, housing, and reporting differ by place and age; this essay offers no universal legal assurance.\n\nAn adult relative may instead choose a specific, safe statement: “I can help find an appointment, but I cannot keep concealing the consequences every evening.” That names the speaker’s feasible limit, not an order for someone else to undergo treatment or a cancellation of care already undertaken. Where threats or violence are present, even this discussion is not the first step. Separate protection comes first.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 8074, "end_utf16": 8129, "sha256_utf8": "9ec10f0e4844619fe963f0f72b63bef77789fc5e68c7bd29b7c6df15de171ca0" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 8131, "end_utf16": 9592, "sha256_utf8": "9c793203c6d2a2ad639104fc0aafabdbd9e7788e0c3277d3823b9746493cb447" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0025", "p0026", "p0027" ], "source_segment_index": 6 }, { "q": "VI. The Great Learning links self and family without assigning family blame", "a": "The normative sequence in [*Da Xue*, the *Great Learning* chapter of the *Book of Rites*](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E7%A6%AE%E8%A8%98/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8) joins the cultivation of oneself with ordering a household and wider public life. The inspected Chinese transcription uses the character *脩* in its phrase for self-cultivation. A modern reader may see a basic ethical insight: our conduct affects others. Missing a commitment to a child, promising money, or creating danger at home is not a purely private act.\n\nBut the sequence is not a study of disease causation. If one family member needs help with substance use, it does not prove the others failed to cultivate themselves, performed a rite wrongly, or showed too little respect. Use and family circumstances may interact in complex ways; the specific story cannot be diagnosed from an ancient scheme. Responsibility for real actions, including a child’s safety, is different from an obligation to “cure” an adult through the family’s moral perfection.\n\nIt helps to stay with observable facts. What happened today? Who needs care? Which agreed responsibility is in force? Which capable adult can actually be present? Where can a professional assessment be arranged without first making the whole family a model of harmony? These questions retain ethical seriousness without turning the *Great Learning* into a verdict on a household.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 9597, "end_utf16": 9672, "sha256_utf8": "9b97a2a0678c6b9a7c72989c139c72b453ba072ca42926ae3b184809203ff6b6" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 9674, "end_utf16": 11074, "sha256_utf8": "554762bfb2d9fb04d362398b28dafc8f8f9adc532eb7af3fa42e97570d7690ff" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0029", "p0030", "p0031" ], "source_segment_index": 7 }, { "q": "VII. Reciprocity gives no licence to coerce", "a": "[*Analects* 12.2](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E9%A1%8F%E6%B7%B5%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C) asks a person not to impose on others what they would not want for themselves. It is not a present-day law of consent or confidentiality, but it can sharpen questions about one’s own conduct. Would I want news of my medical appointment broadcast to every relative without asking? How would another person hear a threat of lost housing in the name of “proper” sobriety? Am I turning my fear into an imagined right to seize someone else’s money, documents, or treatment choices?\n\nNot every personal limit is abuse, and not every offer of help is control. An adult may state what they themselves can provide: time to accompany someone, a boundary around their own finances, or a duty they have already accepted. Deciding for another person, confiscating their belongings, or promising absolute secrecy requires grounds this article cannot supply. Where rights or risk are unclear, they must be checked locally with competent help.\n\nLove does not require a relative to prevent every consequence of another adult’s actions or guarantee sobriety. Nor is every form of interdependence a weakness. Illness, childcare, and economic dependence affect what is realistically possible. Ethical reciprocity begins with consent and resources rather than speculation about the helper’s hidden motives.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 11079, "end_utf16": 11122, "sha256_utf8": "45e1e0f394ce1dcd126794187ce9be90973f3ccb8b09e6dfd6f0d2ca4be02332" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 11124, "end_utf16": 12527, "sha256_utf8": "4bbb3619b561991abfd6765291cadda6e64027613dcdfef2ba8621875d848928" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0033", "p0034", "p0035" ], "source_segment_index": 8 }, { "q": "VIII. The clinical boundary: withdrawal, prescribed medicine, and urgency", "a": "Moral reflection and clinical assessment can coexist, but they answer different questions. The [NHS alcohol-use disorder page](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-use-disorder/) describes professional assessment and warns about abruptly stopping alcohol when physically dependent. That does not make everyone who drinks physically dependent, and it does not license a home withdrawal plan here. A person can tell a clinician about fear of assessment even before choosing a long-term goal.\n\nPrescribed medicines require another distinction. The [UK medicines regulator MHRA](https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-strengthening-dependency-and-addiction-warnings-on-medicines-used-to-treat-pain-anxiety-and-insomnia) warns of dependence, addiction, and withdrawal risks for certain medicines used for pain, anxiety, and insomnia, and advises patients not to stop them without professional advice. A prescription, physical adaptation, and a substance use disorder are not identical findings. A family argument cannot call a treatment “vice” merely because the medicine carries a warning. Changes belong in discussion with the prescriber, not in a household dosing or stopping experiment.\n\nIf **poisoning is suspected**, **contact local emergency medical care immediately, even before symptoms**. If a person develops **new sudden confusion**, **make the same immediate contact on that sign alone**. Do not wait until they cannot name the date, and do not explain it away as a failure of ritual, intoxication, or family shame. These urgent distinctions are supported by separate [NHS pages on poisoning](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/poisoning/) and [sudden confusion](https://www.nhs.uk/symptoms/confusion/); the right local number and actual service must be identified where the person is.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 12532, "end_utf16": 12605, "sha256_utf8": "3b35e8c03d76b6fb328d8c15903bd2ba0107983403b2939869589db5f2667d50" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 12607, "end_utf16": 14397, "sha256_utf8": "11c446d6c40674c7a4df0521a62fac7c3ad2c7063f066a6ef3be72721426d95a" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0037", "p0038", "p0039" ], "source_segment_index": 9 }, { "q": "IX. Family safety precedes a conversation about deference", "a": "Where threats or control over money, messages, or travel are present, “talk as a whole family first” may increase danger. The [NHS page on domestic violence and abuse](https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/getting-help-for-domestic-violence/) makes clear that harm need not be physical and may occur within close relationships. A person needs a **separate, safe way to contact local protection and medical support**, considering who can see a device, messages, or journeys. Do not ask them to gather evidence at personal risk or make reconciliation a precondition for care.\n\nChildren have a distinct boundary. They must not become medical interpreters, keepers of dangerous secrets, observers of medicines, messengers in a dispute, or rescuers of an adult. They deserve an explanation suited to their age, while adults and appropriate services carry responsibility for arranging safety. If an adult leaves for care or needs urgent help, **another suitable and capable adult must actually be available** to care for a child or dependent person. A service’s phone number or an appointment next week is not supervision. The emergency medical call must not be delayed while the family seeks a perfect arrangement.\n\nA family need not disclose a diagnosis publicly. Equally, “family honor” cannot justify a dangerous secret, denial of help, or pressure on a child. Local rules about reporting, custody, housing, privacy, and data vary with age and place and require competent local advice. A classical passage supplies no universal permission or prohibition for these decisions.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 14402, "end_utf16": 14459, "sha256_utf8": "3c0ff345aeebf279ef96de681dcafc2217ded4f52f4765c9b2193c0ccf7345a7" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 14461, "end_utf16": 16024, "sha256_utf8": "b46f0cef02d1244e8d76bd9b45c364a9968d9108bf367860a53e47dd2866ec80" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0041", "p0042", "p0043" ], "source_segment_index": 10 }, { "q": "X. A first step without a moral entrance exam", "a": "If there is no immediate danger, begin with one feasible contact with a local health service or substance-use professional. A person might say, “I’m concerned about my use or my prescribed medicine; I want to understand the risks of changing it and what options are available.” They do not need a settled diagnosis, a public confession, a pledge of perfect sobriety, or unanimous family agreement before asking. If they also want to discuss Confucian ethics with a teacher, community member, or loved one, that is a voluntary **additional** relationship, not a pass to medical care.\n\nBefore booking, ask who will actually see them, in which language, whether an appropriate interpreter is available, what the visit costs or insurance covers, how long the wait is, age conditions, transport, and how confidentiality and data sharing work. “Can you book an assessment for me?” is different from “Do you have a group?” An address does not guarantee an actual appointment, and help finding a provider is not care for a child at home. An unsuitable first contact is information for a more workable next one, not evidence of deficient virtue.\n\nA family can agree on verifiable actions: who is with the child now; who can accompany an adult with consent; what the helper personally can do; and who contacts the service if risk rises. These agreements do not make anyone responsible for controlling another adult’s sobriety. They move responsibility from a contest over moral correctness toward the safety of people who need it today.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 16029, "end_utf16": 16074, "sha256_utf8": "2b179e818cfede4bd18fff23e5db4e899f9ae8ee8084d8185fab2147a2361497" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 16076, "end_utf16": 17602, "sha256_utf8": "805774c94c3fa595106c6a69592b4f658e895429043720468e9964174b973b0b" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0045", "p0046", "p0047" ], "source_segment_index": 11 }, { "q": "What this means in practice", "a": "Keep three questions distinct: **Is there danger now? What professional assessment is needed? What ethical or community support does this person freely choose?** For suspected poisoning, contact local emergency medical care immediately, even before symptoms; for new sudden confusion, make that same contact on the sign alone. If there is no immediate danger, check actual access, language, cost, waiting time, data practices, and real care for dependants. Then, if desired, ask what form of respect and self-cultivation supports honest action alongside treatment.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 17607, "end_utf16": 17634, "sha256_utf8": "cac0025fb51e434450b9925cf9a4977d85e79dc5ce2542d61d4355abea0cdd54" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 17636, "end_utf16": 18200, "sha256_utf8": "65e8b05e9bd5b192e78e7b06fb571091e7824b510e96f6a4e43bb3a22d422032" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0049" ], "source_segment_index": 12 }, { "q": "Key quotation", "a": "> *事父母幾諫* — “One may speak gently to parents when a correction is needed.” Our short interpretive rendering of a fragment of [*Analects* 4.18](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E9%87%8C%E4%BB%81%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B). This ancient line does not require a child to confront a dangerous adult or displace present-day protection from abuse.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 18205, "end_utf16": 18218, "sha256_utf8": "b118466bf32094406f875582a1606883eea0c734aab123a1fe6f5352d863995a" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 18220, "end_utf16": 18574, "sha256_utf8": "9a5adf76b1711c273d9904a969a62cb6d450cb56d9130470c07ac3181073bb85" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0051" ], "source_segment_index": 13 }, { "q": "Connections within the tradition and limits of transfer", "a": "| Passage and genre | A question it opens | What it cannot establish |\n|---|---|---|\n| *Analects* 12.1–2: teachings on humaneness and reciprocity | Freely chosen work on one’s conduct and attention to others | Diagnosis, a proven treatment, a licence to coerce |\n| *Analects* 10.8: meal and wine scene | Conduct and consequence in an ancient example | A safe dose, permission to drink with SUD, a withdrawal plan |\n| *Analects* 2.3, 2.7–8, 4.18: politics and kinship | Historical terms for ritual, respect, and a voice in a family | Treatment by shame, compulsory obedience, a child rescuer |\n| *Book of Rites*, *Great Learning*: normative sequence | How personal acts can affect others | A causal verdict against a family or a duty to cure an adult |\n| Contemporary UK medical and safeguarding sources | Withdrawal and medicine assessment, emergency signs, separate safety from abuse | Worldwide rights, identical services, or a replacement for freely chosen ethical meaning |", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 18579, "end_utf16": 18634, "sha256_utf8": "ea6ffc29a67dc7a989b89a761e63b76f12e0920331c0967621f5456052ca1dd0" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 18636, "end_utf16": 19613, "sha256_utf8": "33a149c19522b94d450409ae29e49496d15eef8e675a457870662c763e1878af" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0053" ], "source_segment_index": 14 }, { "q": "Sources and scope", "a": "1. [*Analects*, Xiang Dang, 10.8, Chinese transcription](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E9%84%89%E9%BB%A8%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81). Wikisource page edited 3 October 2026; that is not the date of the ancient text.\n2. [*Analects*, Li Ren, 4.18](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E9%87%8C%E4%BB%81%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B). Chinese transcription; page edited 7 September 2022. Source of the key quotation.\n3. [*Analects*, Yan Yuan, 12.1–2](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E9%A1%8F%E6%B7%B5%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C). Chinese transcription; epigraph and reciprocity passage. Page-edit date not established here.\n4. [*Analects*, Wei Zheng, 2.3, 2.7–8](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E7%82%BA%E6%94%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C). Chinese transcription, page edited 3 October 2026; its note records a variant reading of one character in 2.3.\n5. [*Book of Rites*, *Great Learning* chapter](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E7%A6%AE%E8%A8%98/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8). Chinese transcription; precise ancient recension and page-edit date not established here.\n6. [NHS, *Alcohol-use disorder*, reviewed 24 April 2026](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-use-disorder/). UK clinical information; actual local access must be checked separately.\n7. [NHS, *Poisoning*, reviewed 12 June 2025](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/poisoning/). UK medical page on immediate contact when poisoning is suspected.\n8. [NHS, *Sudden confusion*, reviewed 28 May 2024](https://www.nhs.uk/symptoms/confusion/). UK medical page on immediate assessment of new sudden confusion.\n9. [MHRA, press release, 8 January 2026](https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-strengthening-dependency-and-addiction-warnings-on-medicines-used-to-treat-pain-anxiety-and-insomnia). UK regulator on some prescribed medicines; not a worldwide standard.\n10. [NHS, *Domestic violence and abuse*, reviewed 23 June 2026](https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/getting-help-for-domestic-violence/). UK public guidance on abuse risks and safer access to help.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 19618, "end_utf16": 19635, "sha256_utf8": "21cabd412236bd59d9b3f70f3d6ab42e4fb5fbd631f455218358e9dbda365336" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 19637, "end_utf16": 21691, "sha256_utf8": "e61e6774ba3be72cc27c77401a3a7ee525fce660cfb98b30a0cf2ebb9c13cf3e" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0055" ], "source_segment_index": 15 }, { "q": "Tags", "a": "Confucianism · addiction · ritual · self-cultivation · wine · moderation · respect · family · filial piety · safety · medical care · unity of traditions", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 21696, "end_utf16": 21700, "sha256_utf8": "1331275bc537b4c2bf1e46f7275677967515342e30b572e6852fa6f51b831fe8" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 21702, "end_utf16": 21854, "sha256_utf8": "28907d7eac65ae578dc69aea38a18c028ef1718e3f62c5cfcbe110e2049ef260" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0057" ], "source_segment_index": 16 }, { "q": "About the authors", "a": "Andrey Zarinsh is the author and founder of United Wisdom. He explores inner transformation, the unity of traditions, intercultural dialogue, and contemporary spiritual discipline. Instagram: @andrey.zarinsh.\n\nMaria Evilkut is a co-author of United Wisdom. Alongside her research, she seeks to test these ideas in practice and observe how unity and mutual understanding work in real life among people and cultures. Instagram: @ilkutki.", "source_spans": [ { "role": "h2_heading", "start_utf16": 21859, "end_utf16": 21876, "sha256_utf8": "e120452a2b9952200310f55df00e52d0bbd068d32bba8a322511ed65e3d4967d" }, { "role": "h2_answer", "start_utf16": 21878, "end_utf16": 22313, "sha256_utf8": "bcfd0f6dfc41ef1aede4663efe40ada7487440dfdd6108c9f49069e258c7a937" } ], "block_ids": [ "p0059", "p0060" ], "source_segment_index": 17 } ], "claims": [], "claims_policy": "no_reclassified_claims", "sources": [ { "id": "src_6315132d9f715c17", "title": "*Analects*, Yan Yuan, 12.1–2", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E9%A1%8F%E6%B7%B5%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 238, "end_utf16": 355, "sha256_utf8": "3cdb3c033d27a0ffb66ff039db747c1740619c9f34b85a67e882b26f5ebb0712" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 3630, "end_utf16": 3747, "sha256_utf8": "3cdb3c033d27a0ffb66ff039db747c1740619c9f34b85a67e882b26f5ebb0712" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 11124, "end_utf16": 11241, "sha256_utf8": "45e60783a132fc56f98583940604db130e67e788681532b5af03f5edd52d750c" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 20074, "end_utf16": 20204, "sha256_utf8": "df58990fdf331e7ec4ba1ce10c75a69507c1bd626b6e5385618f9930ab035cf2" } ], "read_scope": "3. [*Analects*, Yan Yuan, 12.1–2](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E9%A1%8F%E6%B7%B5%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C). Chinese transcription; epigraph and reciprocity passage. Page-edit date not established here.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 20071, "end_utf16": 20299, "sha256_utf8": "e0eee94d0700518d312ce335bc63203e6f9ec820d87808708e98c50d4b5e1b1e" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_10790fb1fab48f9a", "title": "NHS, *Poisoning*, reviewed 12 June 2025", "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/poisoning/", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 1732, "end_utf16": 1794, "sha256_utf8": "d6a39a264a465afdac623d0641100b9ce2eaf928ef38d2bb40691a772e96b13a" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 14185, "end_utf16": 14251, "sha256_utf8": "3699bdb618c6cfd8f570e53b0cc3c24523d9dde158db4c5b56c35b6f5226383a" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 20940, "end_utf16": 21023, "sha256_utf8": "c9860852ebb3ee1d26c384300a9238343cb1b3cefaa6f92b63d33484cdc58282" } ], "read_scope": "7. [NHS, *Poisoning*, reviewed 12 June 2025](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/poisoning/). UK medical page on immediate contact when poisoning is suspected.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 20937, "end_utf16": 21090, "sha256_utf8": "0c5bbe9cfeba55ce082dc4c209c60b668f714ee21a96a5140f4f8d312c536562" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_6740eb80d2b869e3", "title": "NHS, *Sudden confusion*, reviewed 28 May 2024", "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/symptoms/confusion/", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 1842, "end_utf16": 1905, "sha256_utf8": "a98826cc7326c5776d17df0e0cd52dac666326543578557299891709e9da4390" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 14256, "end_utf16": 14314, "sha256_utf8": "6bfeb07ceec1086034e553196e54e6b82103ae084f71e7ca48797c8d3e61ab2c" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 21094, "end_utf16": 21181, "sha256_utf8": "92ffa36abe9c496dd83601dfa41026ae10d09f06b3fb660e7a127dba6ee47903" } ], "read_scope": "8. [NHS, *Sudden confusion*, reviewed 28 May 2024](https://www.nhs.uk/symptoms/confusion/). UK medical page on immediate assessment of new sudden confusion.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 21091, "end_utf16": 21247, "sha256_utf8": "f6b6f49e1ad40bce6f8f91bd17403072a65f09a4c1048282da58fa8444c1bd9f" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_a806bc5294d4f417", "title": "*Analects*, Xiang Dang, 10.8, Chinese transcription", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E9%84%89%E9%BB%A8%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 5136, "end_utf16": 5244, "sha256_utf8": "8184e2971d808835de0941d1dcdfb06c0d03b8d00098457b024129ddc958b227" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 19640, "end_utf16": 19784, "sha256_utf8": "91028363403e83d12f668ba508809132e339656e0ee948769854f3314e939a69" } ], "read_scope": "1. [*Analects*, Xiang Dang, 10.8, Chinese transcription](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E9%84%89%E9%BB%A8%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81). Wikisource page edited 3 October 2026; that is not the date of the ancient text.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 19637, "end_utf16": 19866, "sha256_utf8": "9e3d94943d3cdca890777330800c2e8a0ddd1fe6957c033037f2355aef6f6b71" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_7c21d186f34ec948", "title": "NHS, *Alcohol-use disorder*, reviewed 24 April 2026", "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-use-disorder/", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 6354, "end_utf16": 6438, "sha256_utf8": "6e4c8d0de133362b021e0d06aeca3e9a5a5a5967ce428ae5f920bdcabbc3b5ad" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 12702, "end_utf16": 12786, "sha256_utf8": "6e4c8d0de133362b021e0d06aeca3e9a5a5a5967ce428ae5f920bdcabbc3b5ad" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 20756, "end_utf16": 20862, "sha256_utf8": "9af42922c85dc88f00c10ce0f12ec3c624542bc02b9a32a843f1d81c7a9cdca9" } ], "read_scope": "6. [NHS, *Alcohol-use disorder*, reviewed 24 April 2026](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-use-disorder/). UK clinical information; actual local access must be checked separately.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 20753, "end_utf16": 20936, "sha256_utf8": "cc95120df38e1d90ea6188abb6fe091800ac61d01ecd2e1d1b3ba773477967b6" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_c08122000014a4d6", "title": "*Analects*, Wei Zheng, 2.3, 2.7–8", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E7%82%BA%E6%94%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 6680, "end_utf16": 6787, "sha256_utf8": "d1945019de12549ea6ce7cc439f5c3895e037b50f2b756b5a04782940778dc8b" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 8295, "end_utf16": 8416, "sha256_utf8": "74b8f86285aaaf23bc295647af21430af7d64a9028f771dbbbb620d4663c2877" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 20303, "end_utf16": 20429, "sha256_utf8": "cc13629bddb35adbd774349c3b412bd656ea18e003764f8c11e5f0ed7e561591" } ], "read_scope": "4. [*Analects*, Wei Zheng, 2.3, 2.7–8](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E7%82%BA%E6%94%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C). Chinese transcription, page edited 3 October 2026; its note records a variant reading of one character in 2.3.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 20300, "end_utf16": 20541, "sha256_utf8": "cd0cda00e411296edd4331de00341f9b486ecf3adba6b2db55b9772ce24889e3" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_58a545ce82742f3e", "title": "*Analects*, Li Ren, 4.18", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E9%87%8C%E4%BB%81%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 8131, "end_utf16": 8239, "sha256_utf8": "c003c928f451ba3d7709fd96d2f27e8057e61c0b8955385093f31d2e2b57dce0" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 18345, "end_utf16": 18453, "sha256_utf8": "c003c928f451ba3d7709fd96d2f27e8057e61c0b8955385093f31d2e2b57dce0" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 19870, "end_utf16": 19987, "sha256_utf8": "6076078136269094a11d02399bd740f7e109c68f26f53ce51d087070f3602db4" } ], "read_scope": "2. [*Analects*, Li Ren, 4.18](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%9E/%E9%87%8C%E4%BB%81%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B). Chinese transcription; page edited 7 September 2022. Source of the key quotation.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 19867, "end_utf16": 20070, "sha256_utf8": "70c818b525acd28df807086c1e1d122330904eb58269e4c0f28cd10855ab2429" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_af2e9c6e55ff02ec", "title": "*Book of Rites*, *Great Learning* chapter", "url": "https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E7%A6%AE%E8%A8%98/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 9700, "end_utf16": 9836, "sha256_utf8": "dbc4c4eeef57007391775f7363df272352184996dbcfec474d58c913dfd45772" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 20545, "end_utf16": 20661, "sha256_utf8": "a43a22dfdc5232f7e4f016ae1059beb952584ca0b9a4ed6c070eebdb5c29ce4a" } ], "read_scope": "5. [*Book of Rites*, *Great Learning* chapter](https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E7%A6%AE%E8%A8%98/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8). Chinese transcription; precise ancient recension and page-edit date not established here.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 20542, "end_utf16": 20752, "sha256_utf8": "c6202b03e2badad333b0936e708e4202661476cf67c621cfb9f0c8e4d9d9103e" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_76cfa71460490484", "title": "MHRA, press release, 8 January 2026", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-strengthening-dependency-and-addiction-warnings-on-medicines-used-to-treat-pain-anxiety-and-insomnia", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 13153, "end_utf16": 13324, "sha256_utf8": "369d1dddc5db529433a108a99bf8b9aee04c1fba861ebcd3053d7d761696076b" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 21251, "end_utf16": 21430, "sha256_utf8": "5f1d1b65d36839a465bfab5c5fe1ad08ccdbf668c24887f90cec7123a8bd88ac" } ], "read_scope": "9. [MHRA, press release, 8 January 2026](https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-strengthening-dependency-and-addiction-warnings-on-medicines-used-to-treat-pain-anxiety-and-insomnia). UK regulator on some prescribed medicines; not a worldwide standard.", "read_scope_kind": "verbatim_bibliography_entry", "read_scope_span": { "role": "bibliography_entry", "start_utf16": 21248, "end_utf16": 21500, "sha256_utf8": "51b7057a0794502b62ca0a1639d359e08b579cafc0d210418d1caf91222f64a2" }, "shared_entry_urls": [] }, { "id": "src_a035cf388056a1ce", "title": "NHS, *Domestic violence and abuse*, reviewed 23 June 2026", "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/getting-help-for-domestic-violence/", "source_spans": [ { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 14587, "end_utf16": 14694, "sha256_utf8": "3c657136cb372defa7e0c3039c0361021dd8e0b9f752264e1466c0bfab48b8c6" }, { "role": "markdown_link", "start_utf16": 21505, "end_utf16": 21630, "sha256_utf8": "c0facf38170ceeba90823a477bb4a76890ebffd1eb1a439a1a1489020eabef85" } ], "read_scope": "10. [NHS, *Domestic violence and abuse*, reviewed 23 June 2026](https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/getting-help-for-domestic-violence/). 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An ancient saying and a present-day problem are different kinds of text", "start_utf16": 2017, "end_utf16": 3536, "sha256_utf8_raw_slice": "1b41514d109d37ce754bfe636f3d8f3f9e9b36ba5abc49ab0f24a167054855bf" }, { "kind": "h2_section", "index": 3, "heading": "II. Self-cultivation and ritual are not a willpower test", "start_utf16": 3536, "end_utf16": 5059, "sha256_utf8_raw_slice": "aa64efd2740806b8dbbbbf921c47898f17a5ef5dbb51a5ad8664b62347c5f3b0" }, { "kind": "h2_section", "index": 4, "heading": "III. Wine and measure: what 10.8 actually describes", "start_utf16": 5059, "end_utf16": 6614, "sha256_utf8_raw_slice": "6482f82f2b5f98e72d47b5f485bf52fba8295d05bd7057dda4ecf2daafd611b9" }, { "kind": "h2_section", "index": 5, "heading": "IV. An old political term for shame is not a treatment method", "start_utf16": 6614, "end_utf16": 8071, "sha256_utf8_raw_slice": "4431edf53a2f24c4ebdfd3b8e843fd0780a4d1c0cefa5934b5c89c7c3be809d3" }, { "kind": "h2_section", "index": 6, "heading": "V. 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