{
  "schema_version": "uw.editorial_geo.v1",
  "article_index": "AGE-014",
  "route_id": "AGE-014",
  "catalog_id": "AGE-014",
  "language": "en",
  "headline": "Age does not determine capacity for a particular decision",
  "master_filename": "ARTICLE_EN.md",
  "master_revision": 1,
  "revision": 1,
  "master_sha256": "e616c300bb1ce01cb6d265042e0e55aa23cc3c1db05067a6cbc8e46a87e06fb6",
  "short_answer": "Name the particular decision, time and communication conditions. Age, needing explanation and a family-disliked answer do not replace appropriate consideration. Communication support, decision skills, legal status and representative authority differ. International interpretation and the England and Wales example have substantive differences; this article performs no assessment and determines no local law.",
  "claims": [
    {
      "id": "C01",
      "text": "Fictional Galina’s decisions at 79 about moving, reading a payment document and a gift are different matters, not one answer about an entire life.",
      "type": "authorial_example",
      "source_ids": [],
      "article_sections": [
        "I. Begin with the decision actually required",
        "II. Age and an unwelcome answer supply no finished assessment"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No individual clinical/legal assessment, home test, diagnosis or transaction/consent validity determination.",
        "Treaty, committee interpretation and E+W law remain distinct, including substantive substitution/best-interests differences.",
        "No E+W applicability assumed in Russia, Thailand or everywhere; powers/procedures require actual current local sources.",
        "Age, refusal, repetition request, physical assistance, diagnosis or confident speech supply no finished global verdict.",
        "Current danger needs a separate safe local route; the practice delays no necessary help and determines no clinical urgency.",
        "UN/Act selected official indexed text actually read with direct-page limits and amendment-status dates; chosen GC1 paragraphs/NHS substantive page read directly.",
        "No guaranteed immediate/free support, universal assessor, automatic relative authority or cancellation of lawful power.",
        "Author review is no independent/native/clinical/legal/production acceptance."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "C02",
      "text": "A request to repeat the beginning is observed, not an established explanation; conflicting document dates may require source clarification.",
      "type": "authorial_example",
      "source_ids": [],
      "article_sections": [
        "I. Begin with the decision actually required",
        "III. Accessible conversation helps make an answer possible"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No individual clinical/legal assessment, home test, diagnosis or transaction/consent validity determination.",
        "Treaty, committee interpretation and E+W law remain distinct, including substantive substitution/best-interests differences.",
        "No E+W applicability assumed in Russia, Thailand or everywhere; powers/procedures require actual current local sources.",
        "Age, refusal, repetition request, physical assistance, diagnosis or confident speech supply no finished global verdict.",
        "Current danger needs a separate safe local route; the practice delays no necessary help and determines no clinical urgency.",
        "UN/Act selected official indexed text actually read with direct-page limits and amendment-status dates; chosen GC1 paragraphs/NHS substantive page read directly.",
        "No guaranteed immediate/free support, universal assessor, automatic relative authority or cancellation of lawful power.",
        "Author review is no independent/native/clinical/legal/production acceptance."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "C03",
      "text": "Selected Mental Capacity Act provisions establish no incapacity merely through age/appearance or an unwise decision; this is an England and Wales example.",
      "type": "bounded_national_statute_attribution",
      "source_ids": [
        "S3"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "II. Age and an unwelcome answer supply no finished assessment",
        "V. A national example has limits"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No individual clinical/legal assessment, home test, diagnosis or transaction/consent validity determination.",
        "Treaty, committee interpretation and E+W law remain distinct, including substantive substitution/best-interests differences.",
        "No E+W applicability assumed in Russia, Thailand or everywhere; powers/procedures require actual current local sources.",
        "Age, refusal, repetition request, physical assistance, diagnosis or confident speech supply no finished global verdict.",
        "Current danger needs a separate safe local route; the practice delays no necessary help and determines no clinical urgency.",
        "UN/Act selected official indexed text actually read with direct-page limits and amendment-status dates; chosen GC1 paragraphs/NHS substantive page read directly.",
        "No guaranteed immediate/free support, universal assessor, automatic relative authority or cancellation of lawful power.",
        "Author review is no independent/native/clinical/legal/production acceptance."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "C04",
      "text": "NHS describes understanding/communication support and distinguishes a condition from a particular decision’s capacity; no household test is supplied.",
      "type": "bounded_official_explanation",
      "source_ids": [
        "S4"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "III. Accessible conversation helps make an answer possible",
        "VIII. Professional consideration needs a subject too"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No individual clinical/legal assessment, home test, diagnosis or transaction/consent validity determination.",
        "Treaty, committee interpretation and E+W law remain distinct, including substantive substitution/best-interests differences.",
        "No E+W applicability assumed in Russia, Thailand or everywhere; powers/procedures require actual current local sources.",
        "Age, refusal, repetition request, physical assistance, diagnosis or confident speech supply no finished global verdict.",
        "Current danger needs a separate safe local route; the practice delays no necessary help and determines no clinical urgency.",
        "UN/Act selected official indexed text actually read with direct-page limits and amendment-status dates; chosen GC1 paragraphs/NHS substantive page read directly.",
        "No guaranteed immediate/free support, universal assessor, automatic relative authority or cancellation of lawful power.",
        "Author review is no independent/native/clinical/legal/production acceptance."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "C05",
      "text": "The UN Committee distinguishes decision-making skills from legal capacity as holding/exercising rights; the concepts should not automatically become one status.",
      "type": "bounded_committee_interpretation",
      "source_ids": [
        "S2"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "IV. Decision-making skills and legal recognition must remain distinct"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No individual clinical/legal assessment, home test, diagnosis or transaction/consent validity determination.",
        "Treaty, committee interpretation and E+W law remain distinct, including substantive substitution/best-interests differences.",
        "No E+W applicability assumed in Russia, Thailand or everywhere; powers/procedures require actual current local sources.",
        "Age, refusal, repetition request, physical assistance, diagnosis or confident speech supply no finished global verdict.",
        "Current danger needs a separate safe local route; the practice delays no necessary help and determines no clinical urgency.",
        "UN/Act selected official indexed text actually read with direct-page limits and amendment-status dates; chosen GC1 paragraphs/NHS substantive page read directly.",
        "No guaranteed immediate/free support, universal assessor, automatic relative authority or cancellation of lawful power.",
        "Author review is no independent/native/clinical/legal/production acceptance."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "C06",
      "text": "Article12 provides equal recognition, support and safeguards respecting rights, will and preferences of persons with disabilities, not a classification of every older person.",
      "type": "bounded_treaty_attribution",
      "source_ids": [
        "S1"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "VI. International interpretation and the national framework differ"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No individual clinical/legal assessment, home test, diagnosis or transaction/consent validity determination.",
        "Treaty, committee interpretation and E+W law remain distinct, including substantive substitution/best-interests differences.",
        "No E+W applicability assumed in Russia, Thailand or everywhere; powers/procedures require actual current local sources.",
        "Age, refusal, repetition request, physical assistance, diagnosis or confident speech supply no finished global verdict.",
        "Current danger needs a separate safe local route; the practice delays no necessary help and determines no clinical urgency.",
        "UN/Act selected official indexed text actually read with direct-page limits and amendment-status dates; chosen GC1 paragraphs/NHS substantive page read directly.",
        "No guaranteed immediate/free support, universal assessor, automatic relative authority or cancellation of lawful power.",
        "Author review is no independent/native/clinical/legal/production acceptance."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "C07",
      "text": "General comment1’s critique of substitution/adult best interests differs from the statutory Mental Capacity Act framework; reading the comment itself repeals no local procedure.",
      "type": "source_comparison_with_difference",
      "source_ids": [
        "S2",
        "S3"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "VI. International interpretation and the national framework differ"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No individual clinical/legal assessment, home test, diagnosis or transaction/consent validity determination.",
        "Treaty, committee interpretation and E+W law remain distinct, including substantive substitution/best-interests differences.",
        "No E+W applicability assumed in Russia, Thailand or everywhere; powers/procedures require actual current local sources.",
        "Age, refusal, repetition request, physical assistance, diagnosis or confident speech supply no finished global verdict.",
        "Current danger needs a separate safe local route; the practice delays no necessary help and determines no clinical urgency.",
        "UN/Act selected official indexed text actually read with direct-page limits and amendment-status dates; chosen GC1 paragraphs/NHS substantive page read directly.",
        "No guaranteed immediate/free support, universal assessor, automatic relative authority or cancellation of lawful power.",
        "Author review is no independent/native/clinical/legal/production acceptance."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "C08",
      "text": "Helping express a position differs from producing agreement. Family closeness and helper confidence establish no authority’s scope themselves.",
      "type": "authorial_distinction",
      "source_ids": [],
      "article_sections": [
        "IV. Decision-making skills and legal recognition must remain distinct",
        "VII. Support should not quietly produce somebody else's answer",
        "VIII. Professional consideration needs a subject too"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No individual clinical/legal assessment, home test, diagnosis or transaction/consent validity determination.",
        "Treaty, committee interpretation and E+W law remain distinct, including substantive substitution/best-interests differences.",
        "No E+W applicability assumed in Russia, Thailand or everywhere; powers/procedures require actual current local sources.",
        "Age, refusal, repetition request, physical assistance, diagnosis or confident speech supply no finished global verdict.",
        "Current danger needs a separate safe local route; the practice delays no necessary help and determines no clinical urgency.",
        "UN/Act selected official indexed text actually read with direct-page limits and amendment-status dates; chosen GC1 paragraphs/NHS substantive page read directly.",
        "No guaranteed immediate/free support, universal assessor, automatic relative authority or cancellation of lawful power.",
        "Author review is no independent/native/clinical/legal/production acceptance."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "C09",
      "text": "Time, matter, actual grounds and review route require clarification; family records become neither assessment, court order nor authority.",
      "type": "authorial_distinction",
      "source_ids": [],
      "article_sections": [
        "V. A national example has limits",
        "VIII. Professional consideration needs a subject too",
        "IX. Time and change provide no eternal answer"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No individual clinical/legal assessment, home test, diagnosis or transaction/consent validity determination.",
        "Treaty, committee interpretation and E+W law remain distinct, including substantive substitution/best-interests differences.",
        "No E+W applicability assumed in Russia, Thailand or everywhere; powers/procedures require actual current local sources.",
        "Age, refusal, repetition request, physical assistance, diagnosis or confident speech supply no finished global verdict.",
        "Current danger needs a separate safe local route; the practice delays no necessary help and determines no clinical urgency.",
        "UN/Act selected official indexed text actually read with direct-page limits and amendment-status dates; chosen GC1 paragraphs/NHS substantive page read directly.",
        "No guaranteed immediate/free support, universal assessor, automatic relative authority or cancellation of lawful power.",
        "Author review is no independent/native/clinical/legal/production acceptance."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "C10",
      "text": "Necessary help and dignity are no independence rewards; genuine difficulties need attention without predetermined loss of every voice.",
      "type": "authorial_ethical_distinction",
      "source_ids": [],
      "article_sections": [
        "VIII. Professional consideration needs a subject too",
        "X. Dignity and help remain when the answer is difficult"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No individual clinical/legal assessment, home test, diagnosis or transaction/consent validity determination.",
        "Treaty, committee interpretation and E+W law remain distinct, including substantive substitution/best-interests differences.",
        "No E+W applicability assumed in Russia, Thailand or everywhere; powers/procedures require actual current local sources.",
        "Age, refusal, repetition request, physical assistance, diagnosis or confident speech supply no finished global verdict.",
        "Current danger needs a separate safe local route; the practice delays no necessary help and determines no clinical urgency.",
        "UN/Act selected official indexed text actually read with direct-page limits and amendment-status dates; chosen GC1 paragraphs/NHS substantive page read directly.",
        "No guaranteed immediate/free support, universal assessor, automatic relative authority or cancellation of lawful power.",
        "Author review is no independent/native/clinical/legal/production acceptance."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "questions": [
    {
      "id": "Q01",
      "q": "Are age or refusal to move sufficient for a conclusion?",
      "a": "The fictional scene establishes no such conclusion. Name the matter; the selected national example excludes particular automatic assumptions but replaces no applicable local consideration.",
      "claim_ids": [
        "C01",
        "C03"
      ],
      "source_ids": [
        "S3"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "I. Begin with the decision actually required",
        "II. Age and an unwelcome answer supply no finished assessment",
        "V. A national example has limits"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "Q02",
      "q": "Can the article be used to conduct a test?",
      "a": "No. The practice prepares a question and accessible discussion, supplying no scores or determination of capacity, document validity or medical consent.",
      "claim_ids": [
        "C04",
        "C09"
      ],
      "source_ids": [
        "S4"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "III. Accessible conversation helps make an answer possible",
        "V. A national example has limits",
        "VIII. Professional consideration needs a subject too"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "Q03",
      "q": "Does a daughter’s presence make her representative for everything?",
      "a": "The scene establishes no such power. Identify actual grounds, matter and scope, assuming neither unlimited force nor automatic cancellation of existing authority.",
      "claim_ids": [
        "C08",
        "C09"
      ],
      "source_ids": [],
      "article_sections": [
        "IV. Decision-making skills and legal recognition must remain distinct",
        "V. A national example has limits",
        "IX. Time and change provide no eternal answer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "Q04",
      "q": "Do UN and England/Wales frameworks say the same thing?",
      "a": "No. Treaty text, committee interpretation and national mechanism differ, including substitution and best interests. The article does not resolve that difference.",
      "claim_ids": [
        "C06",
        "C07"
      ],
      "source_ids": [
        "S1",
        "S2",
        "S3"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "VI. International interpretation and the national framework differ"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "Q05",
      "q": "Does lasting support mean losing dignity?",
      "a": "No. Support, genuine difficulties and relevant procedures can coexist with attention to the person’s position. Complete independence is no prerequisite for help.",
      "claim_ids": [
        "C10"
      ],
      "source_ids": [],
      "article_sections": [
        "X. Dignity and help remain when the answer is difficult"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "S1",
      "author": "United Nations; States Parties to the CRPD",
      "title": "Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Article12",
      "url": "https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/article-12-equal-recognition-before-the-law.html",
      "edition": "Article12 text, official UN Enable indexed page",
      "checked_on": "2026-10-19",
      "locator": "Heading and complete paragraphs1–5",
      "read_scope": "All five selected paragraphs and heading actually read in official UN indexed extraction. Direct UN/OHCHR HTML403. No whole-treaty, ratification or domestic implementation review.",
      "rights_status": "UNKNOWN",
      "rights_notes": "Five-word English heading fragment; bounded contextual paraphrase only.",
      "raw_source_import_allowed": false,
      "raw_source_vectorization_allowed": false,
      "limitations": "Disability rights framework does not classify all older persons as disabled or supply every country’s implementation or an individual assessment."
    },
    {
      "id": "S2",
      "author": "UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities",
      "title": "General comment No.1(2014), Article12: Equal recognition before the law",
      "url": "https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g14/031/20/pdf/g1403120.pdf",
      "edition": "CRPD/C/GC/1; distribution19May2014; eleventh session31March–11April2014",
      "checked_on": "2026-10-19",
      "locator": "Header0–39; complete chosen paragraphs12–29 at106–320; especially13,15,17–22,26–29",
      "read_scope": "Successful original PDF text. Header and complete selected12–29 actually read, with surrounding context visible; no complete13-page claim.",
      "rights_status": "UNKNOWN",
      "rights_notes": "Bounded paraphrase, no direct quotation or raw republication.",
      "raw_source_import_allowed": false,
      "raw_source_vectorization_allowed": false,
      "limitations": "Committee interpretation distinguishes mental/legal capacity and opposes substitution/adult best-interests framework. Not identical to E+W statute; no claim that reading it repeals domestic procedure."
    },
    {
      "id": "S3",
      "author": "UK Parliament",
      "title": "Mental Capacity Act2005, sections1–3",
      "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/9/section/1",
      "related_urls": [
        "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/9/section/2",
        "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/9/section/3"
      ],
      "edition": "Official indexed latest/revised E+W sections; section1 index status15Oct2026, section2 status1Oct2026, general Act18Oct; section3 outstanding-change notice not exhaustively checked",
      "checked_on": "2026-10-19",
      "locator": "Complete1(1)–(6),2(1)–(6),3(1)–(4), E+W extent headers",
      "read_scope": "All chosen sections actually read through official latest indexed output; direct XHTML unsupported. Historical dated/enacted versions not substituted. No direct current consolidation or exhaustive amendment review claim.",
      "rights_status": "UNKNOWN_CROWN_COPYRIGHT_SCOPE_NOT_CHECKED",
      "rights_notes": "One seven-word condition fragment from1(4), contextual paraphrase; no licence/raw-import inference.",
      "raw_source_import_allowed": false,
      "raw_source_vectorization_allowed": false,
      "limitations": "England and Wales example, not global law or DIY capacity/transaction/medical-consent assessment. Preserves statutory functional/best-interests framework and difference from Committee interpretation."
    },
    {
      "id": "S4",
      "author": "NHS",
      "title": "Mental Capacity Act — Social care and support guide",
      "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/social-care-and-support/making-decisions-for-someone-else/mental-capacity-act/",
      "edition": "Official HTML; page reviewed17January2024, next review17January2027",
      "checked_on": "2026-10-19",
      "locator": "Whole substantive12–175 and footer178–179; communication50–62, condition/decision26–27, professional/dispute162–175",
      "read_scope": "Successful primary HTML; whole substantive page and review footer actually read. Not other linked pages or the complete Act/Code of Practice.",
      "rights_status": "UNKNOWN",
      "rights_notes": "Bounded paraphrase only, no raw source import, quotation or vectorization.",
      "raw_source_import_allowed": false,
      "raw_source_vectorization_allowed": false,
      "limitations": "Official service explanation of national framework, not every jurisdiction’s law, a home test or automatic next-of-kin authority. No procedures/forms/fees invented."
    }
  ],
  "retrieval_limits": [
    "No individual clinical/legal assessment, home test, diagnosis or transaction/consent validity determination.",
    "Treaty, committee interpretation and E+W law remain distinct, including substantive substitution/best-interests differences.",
    "No E+W applicability assumed in Russia, Thailand or everywhere; powers/procedures require actual current local sources.",
    "Age, refusal, repetition request, physical assistance, diagnosis or confident speech supply no finished global verdict.",
    "Current danger needs a separate safe local route; the practice delays no necessary help and determines no clinical urgency.",
    "UN/Act selected official indexed text actually read with direct-page limits and amendment-status dates; chosen GC1 paragraphs/NHS substantive page read directly.",
    "No guaranteed immediate/free support, universal assessor, automatic relative authority or cancellation of lawful power.",
    "Author review is no independent/native/clinical/legal/production acceptance."
  ],
  "verification": {
    "author_correspondence": "PASS",
    "independent_review": "NOT_RUN",
    "production_machine_publisher_compatibility": "NOT_RUN",
    "production_acceptance": "NOT_RUN"
  }
}