{
  "schema_version": "uw.editorial_geo.v1",
  "article_index": "AGE-109",
  "catalog_id": "R36",
  "material_id": "UW:R36:en",
  "language": "en",
  "revision": 2,
  "master_revision": 2,
  "expected_revision": 1,
  "master_filename": "ARTICLE_EN.md",
  "master_sha256": "7d1e68c657d0eef780bf370b40b8b47fcc13a27a25cf37f0e0515e8bb5acf826",
  "headline": "Friendship in Adult Life: Keeping Connections as Capacities Change",
  "description": "Friendship through changed capacities requires separating desire, an available format and confirmed participation. Mobility, caring for someone and different life paces can change meetings without automatically measuring affection. A limited shared evening has its own value; friendship appoints no person permanent helper.",
  "short_answer": "Friendship through changed capacities requires separating desire, an available format and confirmed participation. Mobility, caring for someone and different life paces can change meetings without automatically measuring affection. A limited shared evening has its own value; friendship appoints no person permanent helper.",
  "claims": [
    {
      "id": "C1",
      "type": "editorial_distinction",
      "text": "Warm feeling, wanting to meet and an agreed action differ.",
      "source_ids": [],
      "article_sections": [
        "I. A warm intention does not yet specify a meeting"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "All domestic scenes are fictional; the voluntary practice is neither therapy nor a validated friendship-strengthening technique.",
        "Hall’s abstract replaces no methods, data or full paper; new acquaintances do not assess these characters’ established friendship.",
        "No compulsory hours, equal feelings, identical gestures or restored intimacy guaranteed.",
        "Christian service and Aristotle’s historical judgments impose neither self-sacrifice, unlimited help nor a single philosophy.",
        "Threat requires no shared step; local safety is unchecked.",
        "Age and physical difficulty determine no motives, understanding or desire for contact.",
        "NHS is an English example without promised replacement; a friend is no appointed carer, and essential support must not deliberately be interrupted for a meeting.",
        "Travel help grants no authority to answer for someone or demand a full health report; different paces need not become equal."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "C2",
      "type": "editorial_distinction",
      "text": "Free hours do not measure human worth; a particular promise retains its subject.",
      "source_ids": [],
      "article_sections": [
        "II. Time cannot be replaced by a moral score"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "All domestic scenes are fictional; the voluntary practice is neither therapy nor a validated friendship-strengthening technique.",
        "Hall’s abstract replaces no methods, data or full paper; new acquaintances do not assess these characters’ established friendship.",
        "No compulsory hours, equal feelings, identical gestures or restored intimacy guaranteed.",
        "Christian service and Aristotle’s historical judgments impose neither self-sacrifice, unlimited help nor a single philosophy.",
        "Threat requires no shared step; local safety is unchecked.",
        "Age and physical difficulty determine no motives, understanding or desire for contact.",
        "NHS is an English example without promised replacement; a friend is no appointed carer, and essential support must not deliberately be interrupted for a meeting.",
        "Travel help grants no authority to answer for someone or demand a full health report; different paces need not become equal."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "C3",
      "type": "abstract_scoped_research",
      "text": "Hall’s abstract describes time associated with new closeness, without required hours or assessment of an established friendship.",
      "source_ids": [
        "B14-R36-S2"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "III. Research on time does not prescribe a standard of intimacy"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "All domestic scenes are fictional; the voluntary practice is neither therapy nor a validated friendship-strengthening technique.",
        "Hall’s abstract replaces no methods, data or full paper; new acquaintances do not assess these characters’ established friendship.",
        "No compulsory hours, equal feelings, identical gestures or restored intimacy guaranteed.",
        "Christian service and Aristotle’s historical judgments impose neither self-sacrifice, unlimited help nor a single philosophy.",
        "Threat requires no shared step; local safety is unchecked.",
        "Age and physical difficulty determine no motives, understanding or desire for contact.",
        "NHS is an English example without promised replacement; a friend is no appointed carer, and essential support must not deliberately be interrupted for a meeting.",
        "Travel help grants no authority to answer for someone or demand a full health report; different paces need not become equal."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "C4",
      "type": "historical_religious_ethics",
      "text": "Black connects friendship with habit and small acts within Christian reflection, without a proven scheduling effect.",
      "source_ids": [
        "B14-R36-S1"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "IV. A habit can support desire and obscure it"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "All domestic scenes are fictional; the voluntary practice is neither therapy nor a validated friendship-strengthening technique.",
        "Hall’s abstract replaces no methods, data or full paper; new acquaintances do not assess these characters’ established friendship.",
        "No compulsory hours, equal feelings, identical gestures or restored intimacy guaranteed.",
        "Christian service and Aristotle’s historical judgments impose neither self-sacrifice, unlimited help nor a single philosophy.",
        "Threat requires no shared step; local safety is unchecked.",
        "Age and physical difficulty determine no motives, understanding or desire for contact.",
        "NHS is an English example without promised replacement; a friend is no appointed carer, and essential support must not deliberately be interrupted for a meeting.",
        "Travel help grants no authority to answer for someone or demand a full health report; different paces need not become equal."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "C5",
      "type": "editorial_distinction",
      "text": "Reciprocity can differ in form, but difference does not prove every response sufficient.",
      "source_ids": [],
      "article_sections": [
        "V. Reciprocity is visible beyond identical gestures"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "All domestic scenes are fictional; the voluntary practice is neither therapy nor a validated friendship-strengthening technique.",
        "Hall’s abstract replaces no methods, data or full paper; new acquaintances do not assess these characters’ established friendship.",
        "No compulsory hours, equal feelings, identical gestures or restored intimacy guaranteed.",
        "Christian service and Aristotle’s historical judgments impose neither self-sacrifice, unlimited help nor a single philosophy.",
        "Threat requires no shared step; local safety is unchecked.",
        "Age and physical difficulty determine no motives, understanding or desire for contact.",
        "NHS is an English example without promised replacement; a friend is no appointed carer, and essential support must not deliberately be interrupted for a meeting.",
        "Travel help grants no authority to answer for someone or demand a full health report; different paces need not become equal."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "C6",
      "type": "historical_philosophy",
      "text": "Aristotle considers shared activities within virtue ethics; participants need not become identical.",
      "source_ids": [
        "B14-R36-S3"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "VI. A shared activity must not swallow the separate person"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "All domestic scenes are fictional; the voluntary practice is neither therapy nor a validated friendship-strengthening technique.",
        "Hall’s abstract replaces no methods, data or full paper; new acquaintances do not assess these characters’ established friendship.",
        "No compulsory hours, equal feelings, identical gestures or restored intimacy guaranteed.",
        "Christian service and Aristotle’s historical judgments impose neither self-sacrifice, unlimited help nor a single philosophy.",
        "Threat requires no shared step; local safety is unchecked.",
        "Age and physical difficulty determine no motives, understanding or desire for contact.",
        "NHS is an English example without promised replacement; a friend is no appointed carer, and essential support must not deliberately be interrupted for a meeting.",
        "Travel help grants no authority to answer for someone or demand a full health report; different paces need not become equal."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "C7",
      "type": "official_context",
      "text": "CDC identifies transport/resource constraints among connection circumstances, not a friend’s individual cause.",
      "source_ids": [
        "S4"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "XI. Changed capacities need another format, not another score of love"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "All domestic scenes are fictional; the voluntary practice is neither therapy nor a validated friendship-strengthening technique.",
        "Hall’s abstract replaces no methods, data or full paper; new acquaintances do not assess these characters’ established friendship.",
        "No compulsory hours, equal feelings, identical gestures or restored intimacy guaranteed.",
        "Christian service and Aristotle’s historical judgments impose neither self-sacrifice, unlimited help nor a single philosophy.",
        "Threat requires no shared step; local safety is unchecked.",
        "Age and physical difficulty determine no motives, understanding or desire for contact.",
        "NHS is an English example without promised replacement; a friend is no appointed carer, and essential support must not deliberately be interrupted for a meeting.",
        "Travel help grants no authority to answer for someone or demand a full health report; different paces need not become equal."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "C8",
      "type": "official_local_example",
      "text": "NHS describes planning a carer’s break in an English context, not confirmed replacement or appointing a friend provider.",
      "source_ids": [
        "S5"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "XI. Changed capacities need another format, not another score of love"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "All domestic scenes are fictional; the voluntary practice is neither therapy nor a validated friendship-strengthening technique.",
        "Hall’s abstract replaces no methods, data or full paper; new acquaintances do not assess these characters’ established friendship.",
        "No compulsory hours, equal feelings, identical gestures or restored intimacy guaranteed.",
        "Christian service and Aristotle’s historical judgments impose neither self-sacrifice, unlimited help nor a single philosophy.",
        "Threat requires no shared step; local safety is unchecked.",
        "Age and physical difficulty determine no motives, understanding or desire for contact.",
        "NHS is an English example without promised replacement; a friend is no appointed carer, and essential support must not deliberately be interrupted for a meeting.",
        "Travel help grants no authority to answer for someone or demand a full health report; different paces need not become equal."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "questions": [
    {
      "id": "Q01",
      "q": "Does a warm intention already mean an arranged meeting?",
      "a": "No. Actual time, place and an answer are needed; affection becomes no lie because a format is not agreed.",
      "claim_ids": [
        "C1"
      ],
      "source_ids": [],
      "article_sections": [
        "I. A warm intention does not yet specify a meeting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "Q02",
      "q": "Does Hall establish minimum hours for an old friendship?",
      "a": "No. The abstract concerns new acquaintances; the full paper and this particular relationship were not assessed.",
      "claim_ids": [
        "C3"
      ],
      "source_ids": [
        "B14-R36-S2"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "III. Research on time does not prescribe a standard of intimacy"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "Q03",
      "q": "Does reduced mobility mean reduced interest in a friend?",
      "a": "No such inference follows. Travel, duration, seating and conversation can be clarified separately.",
      "claim_ids": [
        "C7"
      ],
      "source_ids": [
        "S4"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "XI. Changed capacities need another format, not another score of love"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "Q04",
      "q": "Must a more mobile friend abandon every fast walk?",
      "a": "The article requires no such abandonment. An accessible shared format can coexist with separate activities.",
      "claim_ids": [
        "C5",
        "C7"
      ],
      "source_ids": [
        "S4"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "XI. Changed capacities need another format, not another score of love"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "Q05",
      "q": "Must a friend automatically replace a carer for a meeting?",
      "a": "No. Actual assistance and the necessary interval require checking; friendship appoints no provider or justifies withdrawing essential support.",
      "claim_ids": [
        "C8"
      ],
      "source_ids": [
        "S5"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "XI. Changed capacities need another format, not another score of love"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "Q06",
      "q": "Must a brief meeting replace every former evening?",
      "a": "No. It can have separate value while leaving a genuine lack. Restored feeling is not promised.",
      "claim_ids": [
        "C1",
        "C5"
      ],
      "source_ids": [],
      "article_sections": [
        "II. Time cannot be replaced by a moral score",
        "XI. Changed capacities need another format, not another score of love"
      ]
    }
  ],
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    {
      "author": "Hugh Black",
      "edition": "Fleming H. Revell Company; copyright 1898 and 1903 on actual page; separate printing year not established",
      "id": "B14-R36-S1",
      "limits": "Not contemporary causal evidence, diagnostic category, unlimited availability requirement or validated schedule. Nested Carlyle/Bible/Thackeray/Shakespeare/Nicoll/Trumbull excerpts are excluded from quoted roles.",
      "locator": "Own prose epigraph II web218; key II web231, sentence3 fragment",
      "raw_source_import": false,
      "read_scope": "Actual metadata/title/attribution 0–65, complete selected chapter II 191–260; returned adjacent I 177–184 and III 262–305 also read, not used as empirical support. Not whole book.",
      "rights_note": "Copyright and territorial Gutenberg notice read; no universal licence or public-domain status asserted.",
      "rights_status": "UNKNOWN",
      "source_embedding": false,
      "source_provenance": "The exact edition, actual read scope and use limitations are recorded; third-party full source text is not imported as our article.",
      "support": "Historical Christian ethical account of care, habit, ordinary actions and service; both direct quotation roles belong to Black own prose.",
      "title": "Friendship",
      "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/20861/pg20861-images.html",
      "version": "Gutenberg 20861, release 2007-03-20, updated 2021-01-01",
      "work_id": "BLACK-FRIENDSHIP",
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        "author": "Hugh Black",
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        "id": "B14-R36-S1",
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        "rights_note": "Copyright and territorial Gutenberg notice read; no universal licence or public-domain status asserted.",
        "rights_status": "UNKNOWN",
        "source_embedding": false,
        "source_provenance": "The exact edition, actual read scope and use limitations are recorded; third-party full source text is not imported as our article.",
        "support": "Historical Christian ethical account of care, habit, ordinary actions and service; both direct quotation roles belong to Black own prose.",
        "title": "Friendship",
        "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/20861/pg20861-images.html",
        "version": "Gutenberg 20861, release 2007-03-20, updated 2021-01-01",
        "work_id": "BLACK-FRIENDSHIP"
      },
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      "current_read_scope": "Currentactual title/attribution0–65 and continuouscompletechapterII191–260 read19October2026 in191–229/230–260 outputs. AdjacentIII262–263 openingonly read; do not adopt originalI177–184/III262–305 as currentreading. Ownprose218/231quoteverified; no wholebookclaim."
    },
    {
      "author": "Jeffrey A. Hall",
      "edition": "Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36(4),1278–1296; online 2018-03-15, issue April 2019; DOI10.1177/0265407518761225",
      "id": "B14-R36-S2",
      "limits": "Abstract-only scoped support. No universal hour threshold, established-friendship assessment, causal mechanism or validation of editorial practice.",
      "locator": "Abstract31–32; publication284–290; rights299–305",
      "raw_source_import": false,
      "read_scope": "Actual complete publisher abstract web30–32, metadata16–29 and publication/rights274–305. Full methods/data/paper unread; full-text route returned internal error. Search snippets not counted as full-text reading.",
      "rights_note": "Free-access label and copyright Author(s)2018 read; availability and generic supplemental licence language do not establish article licence. Direct quotation zero.",
      "rights_status": "UNKNOWN",
      "source_embedding": false,
      "source_provenance": "The exact edition, actual read scope and use limitations are recorded; third-party full source text is not imported as our article.",
      "support": "Abstract describes355 recently relocated participants and112 first-year students with three reports over9weeks; associations between time and closeness/change.",
      "title": "How many hours does it take to make a friend?",
      "url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0265407518761225",
      "work_id": "HALL-2018-2019-HOURS-MAKE-FRIEND",
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        "author": "Jeffrey A. Hall",
        "edition": "Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36(4),1278–1296; online 2018-03-15, issue April 2019; DOI10.1177/0265407518761225",
        "id": "B14-R36-S2",
        "limits": "Abstract-only scoped support. No universal hour threshold, established-friendship assessment, causal mechanism or validation of editorial practice.",
        "locator": "Abstract31–32; publication284–290; rights299–305",
        "raw_source_import": false,
        "read_scope": "Actual complete publisher abstract web30–32, metadata16–29 and publication/rights274–305. Full methods/data/paper unread; full-text route returned internal error. Search snippets not counted as full-text reading.",
        "rights_note": "Free-access label and copyright Author(s)2018 read; availability and generic supplemental licence language do not establish article licence. Direct quotation zero.",
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        "support": "Abstract describes355 recently relocated participants and112 first-year students with three reports over9weeks; associations between time and closeness/change.",
        "title": "How many hours does it take to make a friend?",
        "url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0265407518761225",
        "work_id": "HALL-2018-2019-HOURS-MAKE-FRIEND"
      },
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    },
    {
      "author": "Aristotle",
      "edition": "Internet Classics Archive online Ross translation; actual printing year not established",
      "id": "B14-R36-S3",
      "limits": "Normative/historical ideal and evaluations, not modern diagnosis, social consensus, efficacy or requirement to share one philosophy.",
      "locator": "IX.12 web157–160",
      "raw_source_import": false,
      "read_scope": "Actual header0–24 and selected IX.9–12 returned121–160; IX.12 used. Returned introductory I–V0–81 read as adjacent context, not whole book.",
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      "rights_status": "UNKNOWN",
      "source_embedding": false,
      "source_provenance": "The exact edition, actual read scope and use limitations are recorded; third-party full source text is not imported as our article.",
      "support": "Historical philosophical consideration of shared activities within virtue ethics.",
      "title": "Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX",
      "translator": "W. D. Ross",
      "url": "https://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/nicomachaen.9.ix.html",
      "work_id": "ARISTOTLE-NICOMACHEAN-ETHICS",
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        "author": "Aristotle",
        "edition": "Internet Classics Archive online Ross translation; actual printing year not established",
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        "locator": "IX.12 web157–160",
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        "read_scope": "Actual header0–24 and selected IX.9–12 returned121–160; IX.12 used. Returned introductory I–V0–81 read as adjacent context, not whole book.",
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        "rights_status": "UNKNOWN",
        "source_embedding": false,
        "source_provenance": "The exact edition, actual read scope and use limitations are recorded; third-party full source text is not imported as our article.",
        "support": "Historical philosophical consideration of shared activities within virtue ethics.",
        "title": "Nicomachean Ethics, Book IX",
        "translator": "W. D. Ross",
        "url": "https://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/nicomachaen.9.ix.html",
        "work_id": "ARISTOTLE-NICOMACHEAN-ETHICS"
      },
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      "current_read_scope": "CurrentfullIX.9–12 at121–160 actuallyread19October2026, usedIX.12at157–160; positivetranslatorheader18–24 read earlier080sametask. Notwholebook; historicalnormsnotclinical/presentconsensus."
    },
    {
      "author": "CDC (institutional author)",
      "boundary": "No individual diagnosis, statistics, causal prediction or intervention effectiveness inferred",
      "edition": "Official page dated 15 May 2024",
      "id": "S4",
      "read_scope": "Currentactual fullsubstantive24–108/date22/92 read earlier this same task for107, reused withoutredundantfetch. Relevanttransport/language/resourceconstraints61–70.",
      "rights_status": "UNKNOWN",
      "source_provenance": "The exact edition, actual read scope and use limitations are recorded; third-party full source text is not imported as our article.",
      "title": "Health Effects of Social Isolation and Loneliness",
      "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/social-connectedness/risk-factors/index.html",
      "read_date": "2026-10-19",
      "role": "Limited transport/resource circumstances for changed meetingconditions; not an individual friendshipassessment.",
      "limitations": "No prevalence, individualrisk, causality, practiceeffectiveness or guaranteedtransport/groupaccess inferred.",
      "inheritance_decision": "ADD_CURRENT_PRIMARY",
      "raw_source_import_allowed": false,
      "raw_source_vectorization_allowed": false
    },
    {
      "id": "S5",
      "title": "Carer breaks and respite care",
      "author": "NHS",
      "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/social-care-and-support/support-and-benefits-for-carers/carer-breaks-and-respite-care/",
      "edition": "Reviewed1May2026.",
      "read_date": "2026-10-19",
      "read_scope": "Full substantive12–153 actually read earlier this same task for066.",
      "role": "English example of options/planning for a carer’sbreak, without appointing a friend provider.",
      "limitations": "No individual entitlement, availability or guaranteed replacement; no medical/legal care protocol.",
      "rights_status": "UNKNOWN",
      "rights_notes": "Exact accessed version and bounded use; no worldwide permission inferred from a host label. No whole-source import or vectorization.",
      "raw_source_import_allowed": false,
      "raw_source_vectorization_allowed": false,
      "source_provenance": "Actual primary reading; earlier readings in this same author task identified explicitly.",
      "inheritance_decision": "ADD_CURRENT_PRIMARY"
    }
  ],
  "retrieval_limits": [
    "All domestic scenes are fictional; the voluntary practice is neither therapy nor a validated friendship-strengthening technique.",
    "Hall’s abstract replaces no methods, data or full paper; new acquaintances do not assess these characters’ established friendship.",
    "No compulsory hours, equal feelings, identical gestures or restored intimacy guaranteed.",
    "Christian service and Aristotle’s historical judgments impose neither self-sacrifice, unlimited help nor a single philosophy.",
    "Threat requires no shared step; local safety is unchecked.",
    "Age and physical difficulty determine no motives, understanding or desire for contact.",
    "NHS is an English example without promised replacement; a friend is no appointed carer, and essential support must not deliberately be interrupted for a meeting.",
    "Travel help grants no authority to answer for someone or demand a full health report; different paces need not become equal."
  ],
  "author_correspondence_review": "PASS_AUTHOR_ONLY",
  "production_machine_publisher_compatibility": "NOT_RUN",
  "production_acceptance": "NOT_RUN",
  "schema_org": {
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@type": "Article",
    "identifier": "UW:R36:en",
    "headline": "Friendship in Adult Life: Keeping Connections as Capacities Change",
    "inLanguage": "en",
    "author": [
      {
        "@type": "Person",
        "name": "Andrey Zarinsh"
      },
      {
        "@type": "Person",
        "name": "Maria Evilkut"
      }
    ]
  }
}