{
  "schema_version": "uw.editorial_geo.v1",
  "article_index": "AGE-115",
  "catalog_id": "AGE-115",
  "language": "en",
  "headline": "Abuse of an older person: why care cannot justify harm",
  "description": "Harm within care relationships: forms of abuse, uncertain signs and seeking protection while preserving essential assistance.",
  "master_filename": "ARTICLE_EN.md",
  "master_revision": "staging-r1-20261019",
  "master_sha256": "0df3e9a8696addc3fd2e925e1a0be594367ba77132e1e852cb0e9a5eaf0f301b",
  "short_answer": "Providing real assistance does not justify threats, coercion or other harm. Seeking protection should take account of the older person’s wishes, present danger and continuity of essential care. This article establishes no diagnosis or legal authority; local rules and services require separate verification.",
  "claims": [
    {
      "id": "C01",
      "type": "official_public_health_information",
      "text": "CDC distinguishes physical, sexual, psychological and financial abuse, and neglect.",
      "source_ids": [
        "S1"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "I. Providing real help does not permit every way of treating someone",
        "II. Harm extends beyond visible injury"
      ],
      "limitations": "Information categories establish neither legal classification nor an offender."
    },
    {
      "id": "C02",
      "type": "author_distinction",
      "text": "One visible sign does not prove abuse; a serious single incident need not be repeated before necessary help is sought.",
      "source_ids": [
        "S1",
        "S2"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "III. Concern calls for attention rather than an instant verdict"
      ],
      "limitations": "This article determines no cause, diagnosis or legal responsibility."
    },
    {
      "id": "C03",
      "type": "attributed_official_summary",
      "text": "CDC distinguishes risk factors from necessarily direct causes.",
      "source_ids": [
        "S7"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "V. A caregiver's exhaustion needs support, not an excuse for harm"
      ],
      "limitations": "A caregiver’s exhaustion neither proves dangerousness nor excuses harm."
    },
    {
      "id": "C04",
      "type": "bounded_jurisdiction_example",
      "text": "English statutory guidance considers adults’ wishes and proportionality in safeguarding.",
      "source_ids": [
        "S3"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "IV. Dependence changes the cost of saying no"
      ],
      "limitations": "England-specific example, not a worldwide procedure; the site warns that some guidance remains outdated."
    },
    {
      "id": "C05",
      "type": "official_help_information",
      "text": "NHS recommends private conversation where possible and attention to the assistance an adult wants; it advises against an absolute promise of secrecy.",
      "source_ids": [
        "S2"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "VI. An initial conversation should increase room for choice"
      ],
      "limitations": "A conversation needs safe, accessible conditions; immediate danger requires appropriate urgent help and information-sharing duties depend on local circumstances."
    },
    {
      "id": "C06",
      "type": "normative_and_author_organisational_reasoning",
      "text": "Seeking protection from a harmful care arrangement includes asking who will provide essential assistance after it changes.",
      "source_ids": [
        "S2",
        "S3",
        "S4"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "IV. Dependence changes the cost of saying no",
        "VII. Seeking protection does not require a private investigation",
        "VIII. Supporting someone does not create legal authority"
      ],
      "limitations": "No medical care plan, authority to cancel life-sustaining help or appointment as a representative."
    }
  ],
  "questions": [
    {
      "question": "Does being fed and having no bruises establish that care is safe?",
      "answer": "No. The article distinguishes threats, coercion and financial misuse as well as physical harm. Causes and legal classification still need assessment of the circumstances.",
      "claim_ids": [
        "C01",
        "C02"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "I. Providing real help does not permit every way of treating someone",
        "II. Harm extends beyond visible injury",
        "III. Concern calls for attention rather than an instant verdict"
      ]
    },
    {
      "question": "What matters if a person fears losing essential care?",
      "answer": "Mention dependence when seeking help and explore safe replacement with appropriate services. Do not require an immediate separation or leave someone without life-sustaining assistance.",
      "claim_ids": [
        "C06"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "IV. Dependence changes the cost of saying no",
        "VII. Seeking protection does not require a private investigation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "question": "Should a listener promise never to tell anyone?",
      "answer": "An absolute promise may be impossible to keep. Explain your role honestly; particular duties depend on country, role and risk.",
      "claim_ids": [
        "C05"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "VI. An initial conversation should increase room for choice"
      ]
    },
    {
      "question": "Does caregiving entitle a relative to decide everything?",
      "answer": "The article establishes no such entitlement. Support differs from valid representation; the grounds and extent of authority need checking under the applicable law.",
      "claim_ids": [
        "C06"
      ],
      "article_sections": [
        "VIII. Supporting someone does not create legal authority"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "S1",
      "title": "CDC — About Abuse of Older Persons",
      "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/elder-abuse/about/index.html",
      "edition": "2024-11-07",
      "read_scope": "Definitions/types 31–40; reporting limitation 43; outcomes 49–52; prevention/support and evidence caveat 53–64",
      "role": "Official public-health information; no individual diagnosis or country-neutral offence definition",
      "rights_status": "UNKNOWN",
      "read_date": "2026-10-19",
      "search_executor": "Codex web.run / branch F author",
      "rights_notes": "Short original attributed paraphrase or minimal identified quotation; no full source, images or tables republished; details in RESEARCH.md"
    },
    {
      "id": "S2",
      "title": "NHS — Abuse and neglect of adults at risk",
      "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/social-care-and-support/help-from-social-services-and-charities/abuse-and-neglect-adults-at-risk/",
      "edition": "Reviewed 2024-03-26; due 2027-03-26",
      "read_scope": "Main article 12–149, especially 92–98 and 126–147",
      "role": "Official help information, British context; contacts and powers not universal",
      "rights_status": "UNKNOWN",
      "read_date": "2026-10-19",
      "search_executor": "Codex web.run / branch F author",
      "rights_notes": "Short original attributed paraphrase or minimal identified quotation; no full source, images or tables republished; details in RESEARCH.md"
    },
    {
      "id": "S3",
      "title": "DHSC — Care and support statutory guidance",
      "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/care-act-statutory-guidance/care-and-support-statutory-guidance",
      "edition": "Updated 2025-07-22; site warns some parts outdated after 2022 changes",
      "read_scope": "Selected 14.2–14.10 and 14.91–14.98; not whole guidance or third-party quoted toolkit",
      "role": "England-specific safeguarding example; participation/proportionality, no worldwide procedural claim",
      "rights_status": "OGL-3.0_EXCEPT_THIRD_PARTY_MATERIAL",
      "read_date": "2026-10-19",
      "search_executor": "Codex web.run / branch F author",
      "rights_notes": "Short original attributed paraphrase or minimal identified quotation; no full source, images or tables republished; details in RESEARCH.md"
    },
    {
      "id": "S4",
      "title": "UN General Assembly — Principles for Older Persons, A/RES/46/91 Annex",
      "url": "https://www.refworld.org/legal/resolution/unga/1991/10515",
      "edition": "1991-12-16; Refworld reproduction",
      "read_scope": "Title/date and annex 46–100, notably 12,14,17,18; principle 6 missing in this reproduction, no complete-18 claim",
      "role": "Normative primary document reproduced on UNHCR platform; not national law or treaty/service guarantee",
      "rights_status": "UNKNOWN",
      "read_date": "2026-10-19",
      "search_executor": "Codex web.run / branch F author",
      "rights_notes": "Short original attributed paraphrase or minimal identified quotation; no full source, images or tables republished; details in RESEARCH.md"
    },
    {
      "id": "S5",
      "title": "Marcus Aurelius — Meditations II.1, George Long translation",
      "url": "https://classics.mit.edu/Antoninus/meditations.2.two.html",
      "edition": "Internet Classics Archive displayed translation",
      "read_scope": "Title/translator 18–24 and complete selected paragraph 26–28 only",
      "role": "Stoic cooperation; no claim of immunity from physical harm or clinical efficacy",
      "rights_status": "UNKNOWN",
      "read_date": "2026-10-19",
      "search_executor": "Codex web.run / branch F author",
      "rights_notes": "Short original attributed paraphrase or minimal identified quotation; no full source, images or tables republished; details in RESEARCH.md"
    },
    {
      "id": "S6",
      "title": "Leviticus 19:32–34, King James Version",
      "url": "https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Leviticus+19%3A32-34&version=KJV",
      "edition": "KJV displayed by Bible Gateway",
      "read_scope": "Selected verses 32–34 and version/Public Domain label, 45–60; not whole chapter",
      "role": "Religious honour context; not compulsory endurance or family authority",
      "rights_status": "PAGE_MARKED_PUBLIC_DOMAIN_GLOBAL_JURISDICTIONS_NOT_ASSESSED",
      "read_date": "2026-10-19",
      "search_executor": "Codex web.run / branch F author",
      "rights_notes": "Short original attributed paraphrase or minimal identified quotation; no full source, images or tables republished; details in RESEARCH.md"
    },
    {
      "id": "S7",
      "title": "CDC — Risk and Protective Factors",
      "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/elder-abuse/risk-factors/index.html",
      "edition": "2024-05-16",
      "read_scope": "24–80; references identified but linked primary papers not read",
      "role": "Official risk-factor summary; association not individual causal finding",
      "rights_status": "UNKNOWN",
      "read_date": "2026-10-19",
      "search_executor": "Codex web.run / branch F author",
      "rights_notes": "Short original attributed paraphrase or minimal identified quotation; no full source, images or tables republished; details in RESEARCH.md"
    }
  ],
  "retrieval_limits": [
    "Elena is fictional; no real case has been independently established.",
    "No individual diagnosis, prognosis, capacity assessment, offence finding or legal authority.",
    "No universal local service, phone number, deadline, confidentiality or outcome guarantee.",
    "No instruction to cancel life-sustaining care, change treatment, provoke or secretly investigate.",
    "Stoic/biblical ethics, UN principles and public-health information do not form one proven intervention."
  ],
  "schema_org": {
    "@context": "https://schema.org",
    "@type": "Article",
    "identifier": "UW:AGE-115:en",
    "headline": "Abuse of an older person: why care cannot justify harm",
    "inLanguage": "en",
    "author": [
      {
        "@type": "Person",
        "name": "Andrey Zarinsh"
      },
      {
        "@type": "Person",
        "name": "Maria Evilkut"
      }
    ]
  },
  "production_acceptance": "NOT_RUN",
  "production_machine_publisher_compatibility": "NOT_RUN"
}